| Summary: | Stem blight of blueberry caused by fungal pathogens in the family <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> presents a major challenge to global blueberry production. Since its first documented outbreak in North Carolina, USA in the 1950s, Botryosphaeria stem blight has been reported in the blueberry production regions of more than nine countries across five continents. The lack of effective management strategies or resistant cultivars makes disease control especially challenging. With the goal of illuminating directions for future Botryosphaeria stem blight management, especially through resistant-cultivar development, this review summarizes the latest information on the distribution and causal pathogens of this disease, the pathogenicity of fungal species, disease resistance of blueberry cultivars, and currently recommended management practices. DNA sequencing techniques have revealed multiple fungal species that are associated with this disease. However, a lack of reliable methods to screen cultivars for stem blight resistance remains a major bottleneck for the development of resistant cultivars. Future studies should focus on at least four key areas: (1) the development and adoption of uniform and reliable screening protocols; (2) utilization of diverse and well-characterized <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> isolates for germplasm screens; (3) field evaluations of cultivar resistance and management practices; and (4) exploration of new tools for disease management and prevention.
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