Oxidative Stress in Melanoma: Beneficial Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Therapeutic Strategies
Cutaneous melanoma ranks as the fifth most common cancer in the United States and represents one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer. While recent advances in systemic targeted therapies and immunotherapies have positively impacted melanoma survival, the survival rate of stage IV melanoma remains...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/11/3038 |
| _version_ | 1797597820602023936 |
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| author | Alyssa L. Becker Arup K. Indra |
| author_facet | Alyssa L. Becker Arup K. Indra |
| author_sort | Alyssa L. Becker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cutaneous melanoma ranks as the fifth most common cancer in the United States and represents one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer. While recent advances in systemic targeted therapies and immunotherapies have positively impacted melanoma survival, the survival rate of stage IV melanoma remains at a meager 32%. Unfortunately, tumor resistance can impede the effectiveness of these treatments. Oxidative stress is a pivotal player in all stages of melanoma progression, with a somewhat paradoxical function that promotes tumor initiation but hinders vertical growth and metastasis in later disease. As melanoma progresses, it employs adaptive mechanisms to lessen oxidative stress in the tumor environment. Redox metabolic rewiring has been implicated in acquired resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibitors. A promising approach to enhance the response to therapy involves boosting intracellular ROS production using active biomolecules or targeting enzymes that regulate oxidative stress. The complex interplay between oxidative stress, redox homeostasis, and melanomagenesis can also be leveraged in a preventive context. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of oxidative stress in melanoma, and how the antioxidant system may be manipulated in a therapeutic context for improved efficacy and survival. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:10:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be7979549470465683f7be1d33ede3ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:10:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-be7979549470465683f7be1d33ede3ac2023-11-18T07:39:54ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942023-06-011511303810.3390/cancers15113038Oxidative Stress in Melanoma: Beneficial Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Therapeutic StrategiesAlyssa L. Becker0Arup K. Indra1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR 97331, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR 97331, USACutaneous melanoma ranks as the fifth most common cancer in the United States and represents one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer. While recent advances in systemic targeted therapies and immunotherapies have positively impacted melanoma survival, the survival rate of stage IV melanoma remains at a meager 32%. Unfortunately, tumor resistance can impede the effectiveness of these treatments. Oxidative stress is a pivotal player in all stages of melanoma progression, with a somewhat paradoxical function that promotes tumor initiation but hinders vertical growth and metastasis in later disease. As melanoma progresses, it employs adaptive mechanisms to lessen oxidative stress in the tumor environment. Redox metabolic rewiring has been implicated in acquired resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibitors. A promising approach to enhance the response to therapy involves boosting intracellular ROS production using active biomolecules or targeting enzymes that regulate oxidative stress. The complex interplay between oxidative stress, redox homeostasis, and melanomagenesis can also be leveraged in a preventive context. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of oxidative stress in melanoma, and how the antioxidant system may be manipulated in a therapeutic context for improved efficacy and survival.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/11/3038melanomaoxidative stressROSantioxidantsNRF2thioredoxin reductase |
| spellingShingle | Alyssa L. Becker Arup K. Indra Oxidative Stress in Melanoma: Beneficial Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Therapeutic Strategies Cancers melanoma oxidative stress ROS antioxidants NRF2 thioredoxin reductase |
| title | Oxidative Stress in Melanoma: Beneficial Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_full | Oxidative Stress in Melanoma: Beneficial Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress in Melanoma: Beneficial Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress in Melanoma: Beneficial Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_short | Oxidative Stress in Melanoma: Beneficial Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_sort | oxidative stress in melanoma beneficial antioxidant and pro oxidant therapeutic strategies |
| topic | melanoma oxidative stress ROS antioxidants NRF2 thioredoxin reductase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/11/3038 |
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