Free complement and complement containing extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders
The complement system is implicated in a broad range of neuroinflammatory disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, measuring complement levels in biofluids could serve as a potential biomarker for these diseases. Indeed, complement levels are shown to be...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055050/full |
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| author | Marlies Burgelman Marlies Burgelman Pieter Dujardin Pieter Dujardin Charysse Vandendriessche Charysse Vandendriessche Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke |
| author_facet | Marlies Burgelman Marlies Burgelman Pieter Dujardin Pieter Dujardin Charysse Vandendriessche Charysse Vandendriessche Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke |
| author_sort | Marlies Burgelman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The complement system is implicated in a broad range of neuroinflammatory disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, measuring complement levels in biofluids could serve as a potential biomarker for these diseases. Indeed, complement levels are shown to be altered in patients compared to controls, and some studies reported a correlation between the level of free complement in biofluids and disease progression, severity or the response to therapeutics. Overall, they are not (yet) suitable as a diagnostic tool due to heterogeneity of reported results. Moreover, measurement of free complement proteins has the disadvantage that information on their origin is lost, which might be of value in a multi-parameter approach for disease prediction and stratification. In light of this, extracellular vesicles (EVs) could provide a platform to improve the diagnostic power of complement proteins. EVs are nanosized double membrane particles that are secreted by essentially every cell type and resemble the (status of the) cell of origin. Interestingly, EVs can contain complement proteins, while the cellular origin can still be determined by the presence of EV surface markers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and future opportunities on the use of free and EV-associated complement proteins as biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:16:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be7d7f6ab3fa45dab8ef45ef27a47949 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:16:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-be7d7f6ab3fa45dab8ef45ef27a479492023-01-20T11:10:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-01-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.10550501055050Free complement and complement containing extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disordersMarlies Burgelman0Marlies Burgelman1Pieter Dujardin2Pieter Dujardin3Charysse Vandendriessche4Charysse Vandendriessche5Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke6Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke7VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumVIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumVIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumVIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumThe complement system is implicated in a broad range of neuroinflammatory disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, measuring complement levels in biofluids could serve as a potential biomarker for these diseases. Indeed, complement levels are shown to be altered in patients compared to controls, and some studies reported a correlation between the level of free complement in biofluids and disease progression, severity or the response to therapeutics. Overall, they are not (yet) suitable as a diagnostic tool due to heterogeneity of reported results. Moreover, measurement of free complement proteins has the disadvantage that information on their origin is lost, which might be of value in a multi-parameter approach for disease prediction and stratification. In light of this, extracellular vesicles (EVs) could provide a platform to improve the diagnostic power of complement proteins. EVs are nanosized double membrane particles that are secreted by essentially every cell type and resemble the (status of the) cell of origin. Interestingly, EVs can contain complement proteins, while the cellular origin can still be determined by the presence of EV surface markers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and future opportunities on the use of free and EV-associated complement proteins as biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055050/fullcomplementextracellular vesicle (EV)biomarkerneuroinflammationAlzheimer’s diseasemultiple sclerosis |
| spellingShingle | Marlies Burgelman Marlies Burgelman Pieter Dujardin Pieter Dujardin Charysse Vandendriessche Charysse Vandendriessche Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke Free complement and complement containing extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders Frontiers in Immunology complement extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarker neuroinflammation Alzheimer’s disease multiple sclerosis |
| title | Free complement and complement containing extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders |
| title_full | Free complement and complement containing extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders |
| title_fullStr | Free complement and complement containing extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Free complement and complement containing extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders |
| title_short | Free complement and complement containing extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders |
| title_sort | free complement and complement containing extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders |
| topic | complement extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarker neuroinflammation Alzheimer’s disease multiple sclerosis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055050/full |
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