Remnant cholesterol is associated with cardiovascular mortality
BackgroundGenetic, observational, and clinical intervention studies indicate that circulating levels of remnant cholesterol (RC) are associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the predictive value of RC for cardiovascular mortality in the general population remains unclear.MethodsOur study po...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.984711/full |
| _version_ | 1798035798510010368 |
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| author | Kerui Zhang Xiangyun Qi Fuyu Zhu Quanbin Dong Zhongshan Gou Fang Wang Li Xiao Menghuan Li Lianmin Chen Lianmin Chen Yifeng Wang Haifeng Zhang Haifeng Zhang Yanhui Sheng Yanhui Sheng Xiangqing Kong Xiangqing Kong |
| author_facet | Kerui Zhang Xiangyun Qi Fuyu Zhu Quanbin Dong Zhongshan Gou Fang Wang Li Xiao Menghuan Li Lianmin Chen Lianmin Chen Yifeng Wang Haifeng Zhang Haifeng Zhang Yanhui Sheng Yanhui Sheng Xiangqing Kong Xiangqing Kong |
| author_sort | Kerui Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundGenetic, observational, and clinical intervention studies indicate that circulating levels of remnant cholesterol (RC) are associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the predictive value of RC for cardiovascular mortality in the general population remains unclear.MethodsOur study population comprised 19,650 adults in the United States from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999–2014). RC was calculated from non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) determined by the Sampson formula. Multivariate Cox regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analysis were applied to explore the relationship of RC with cardiovascular mortality.ResultsThe mean age of the study cohort was 46.4 ± 19.2 years, and 48.7% of participants were male. During a median follow-up of 93 months, 382 (1.9%) cardiovascular deaths occurred. In a fully adjusted Cox regression model, log RC was significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 2.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–6.81]. The restricted cubic spline curve indicated that log RC had a linear association with cardiovascular mortality (p for non-linearity = 0.899). People with higher LDL-C (≥130 mg/dL), higher RC [≥25.7/23.7 mg/dL in males/females corresponding to the LDL-C clinical cutoff point (130 mg/dL)] and abnormal HDL-C (<40/50 mg/dL in males/females) levels had a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.18; 95% CI 1.13–4.21 in males and HR 2.19; 95% CI 1.24–3.88 in females) than the reference group (lower LDL-C, lower RC and normal HDL-C levels).ConclusionsElevated RC levels were associated with cardiovascular mortality independent of traditional risk factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:03:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be8329335fc64e9787a85fa208667f29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-055X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:03:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-be8329335fc64e9787a85fa208667f292022-12-22T04:03:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2022-09-01910.3389/fcvm.2022.984711984711Remnant cholesterol is associated with cardiovascular mortalityKerui Zhang0Xiangyun Qi1Fuyu Zhu2Quanbin Dong3Zhongshan Gou4Fang Wang5Li Xiao6Menghuan Li7Lianmin Chen8Lianmin Chen9Yifeng Wang10Haifeng Zhang11Haifeng Zhang12Yanhui Sheng13Yanhui Sheng14Xiangqing Kong15Xiangqing Kong16Cardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, ChinaCardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, ChinaCardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaCardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, ChinaCardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, ChinaCardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaCardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaCardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaCardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaBackgroundGenetic, observational, and clinical intervention studies indicate that circulating levels of remnant cholesterol (RC) are associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the predictive value of RC for cardiovascular mortality in the general population remains unclear.MethodsOur study population comprised 19,650 adults in the United States from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999–2014). RC was calculated from non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) determined by the Sampson formula. Multivariate Cox regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analysis were applied to explore the relationship of RC with cardiovascular mortality.ResultsThe mean age of the study cohort was 46.4 ± 19.2 years, and 48.7% of participants were male. During a median follow-up of 93 months, 382 (1.9%) cardiovascular deaths occurred. In a fully adjusted Cox regression model, log RC was significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 2.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–6.81]. The restricted cubic spline curve indicated that log RC had a linear association with cardiovascular mortality (p for non-linearity = 0.899). People with higher LDL-C (≥130 mg/dL), higher RC [≥25.7/23.7 mg/dL in males/females corresponding to the LDL-C clinical cutoff point (130 mg/dL)] and abnormal HDL-C (<40/50 mg/dL in males/females) levels had a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.18; 95% CI 1.13–4.21 in males and HR 2.19; 95% CI 1.24–3.88 in females) than the reference group (lower LDL-C, lower RC and normal HDL-C levels).ConclusionsElevated RC levels were associated with cardiovascular mortality independent of traditional risk factors.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.984711/fullremnant cholesterolSampson formulacardiovascular mortalityNHANEScorrelational analysis |
| spellingShingle | Kerui Zhang Xiangyun Qi Fuyu Zhu Quanbin Dong Zhongshan Gou Fang Wang Li Xiao Menghuan Li Lianmin Chen Lianmin Chen Yifeng Wang Haifeng Zhang Haifeng Zhang Yanhui Sheng Yanhui Sheng Xiangqing Kong Xiangqing Kong Remnant cholesterol is associated with cardiovascular mortality Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine remnant cholesterol Sampson formula cardiovascular mortality NHANES correlational analysis |
| title | Remnant cholesterol is associated with cardiovascular mortality |
| title_full | Remnant cholesterol is associated with cardiovascular mortality |
| title_fullStr | Remnant cholesterol is associated with cardiovascular mortality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Remnant cholesterol is associated with cardiovascular mortality |
| title_short | Remnant cholesterol is associated with cardiovascular mortality |
| title_sort | remnant cholesterol is associated with cardiovascular mortality |
| topic | remnant cholesterol Sampson formula cardiovascular mortality NHANES correlational analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.984711/full |
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