Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (<i>Valerianella locusta</i> L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application
An optimized nitrogen (N) fertilization may have a positive effect on leafy vegetables by increasing growth, yield and nutrient content of plants. Nevertheless, crop performance must be coupled with an increase in Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in order to limit external N inputs and to avoid N surpl...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/2/278 |
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| author | Ida Di Mola Eugenio Cozzolino Lucia Ottaiano Sabrina Nocerino Youssef Rouphael Giuseppe Colla Christophe El-Nakhel Mauro Mori |
| author_facet | Ida Di Mola Eugenio Cozzolino Lucia Ottaiano Sabrina Nocerino Youssef Rouphael Giuseppe Colla Christophe El-Nakhel Mauro Mori |
| author_sort | Ida Di Mola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An optimized nitrogen (N) fertilization may have a positive effect on leafy vegetables by increasing growth, yield and nutrient content of plants. Nevertheless, crop performance must be coupled with an increase in Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in order to limit external N inputs and to avoid N surpluses associated with environmental and health problems. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of a legume-derived plant hydrolysates (LDPH; Trainer<sup>®</sup>) and N fertilization levels (0, 2.25 and 4.5 g N m<sup>−2</sup> for spinach and 0, 2.5 and 5.0 g N m<sup>−2</sup> for lamb’s lettuce; N0%, N50%, N100%, respectively) on agronomical, biochemical, qualitative responses and NUE of these two important greenhouse leafy vegetables. Spinach and lamb’s lettuce were sprayed four times during the growing period (at a concentration of 4 mL L<sup>−1</sup> of LDPH). In baby spinach, the LDPH application elicited a significant increase at the three levels of N fertilization: +16.8%, +14.2%, and 39.4% at 0, 2.25 and 4.5 g N m<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Interestingly, in lamb’s lettuce, the N50% plants treated with LDPH reached similar values of marketable yield in comparison to treated and non-treated plants under N100% conditions. The presumed mechanism involved in the enhancement of yield response in the two leafy greens could be associated to a better activity of the photosystem II (higher SPAD index), biochemical (higher content of chlorophyll a, b and total) and leaf nitrate status. The foliar application of LDPH produced a major fortification in lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant activities (+11.6 and 6.3% for spinach and lamb’s lettuce, respectively). The biostimulant application also improved N-use efficiency and N-uptake efficiency compared to untreated plants: +17.8% and +18.8%, and +50% and +73.3%, for spinach and lamb’s lettuce, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T11:08:58Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T11:08:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-be84137c3adb47349575419ddc3cc8022022-12-21T22:33:47ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-02-0110227810.3390/agronomy10020278agronomy10020278Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (<i>Valerianella locusta</i> L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant ApplicationIda Di Mola0Eugenio Cozzolino1Lucia Ottaiano2Sabrina Nocerino3Youssef Rouphael4Giuseppe Colla5Christophe El-Nakhel6Mauro Mori7Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)–Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 81100 Caserta, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyAn optimized nitrogen (N) fertilization may have a positive effect on leafy vegetables by increasing growth, yield and nutrient content of plants. Nevertheless, crop performance must be coupled with an increase in Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in order to limit external N inputs and to avoid N surpluses associated with environmental and health problems. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of a legume-derived plant hydrolysates (LDPH; Trainer<sup>®</sup>) and N fertilization levels (0, 2.25 and 4.5 g N m<sup>−2</sup> for spinach and 0, 2.5 and 5.0 g N m<sup>−2</sup> for lamb’s lettuce; N0%, N50%, N100%, respectively) on agronomical, biochemical, qualitative responses and NUE of these two important greenhouse leafy vegetables. Spinach and lamb’s lettuce were sprayed four times during the growing period (at a concentration of 4 mL L<sup>−1</sup> of LDPH). In baby spinach, the LDPH application elicited a significant increase at the three levels of N fertilization: +16.8%, +14.2%, and 39.4% at 0, 2.25 and 4.5 g N m<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Interestingly, in lamb’s lettuce, the N50% plants treated with LDPH reached similar values of marketable yield in comparison to treated and non-treated plants under N100% conditions. The presumed mechanism involved in the enhancement of yield response in the two leafy greens could be associated to a better activity of the photosystem II (higher SPAD index), biochemical (higher content of chlorophyll a, b and total) and leaf nitrate status. The foliar application of LDPH produced a major fortification in lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant activities (+11.6 and 6.3% for spinach and lamb’s lettuce, respectively). The biostimulant application also improved N-use efficiency and N-uptake efficiency compared to untreated plants: +17.8% and +18.8%, and +50% and +73.3%, for spinach and lamb’s lettuce, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/2/278n fertilizationnitrogen use efficiencyantioxidant activityleaf qualityprotein hydrolysate<i>spinacia oleracea</i> l.sustainable agriculture<i>valerianella locusta</i> l. |
| spellingShingle | Ida Di Mola Eugenio Cozzolino Lucia Ottaiano Sabrina Nocerino Youssef Rouphael Giuseppe Colla Christophe El-Nakhel Mauro Mori Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (<i>Valerianella locusta</i> L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application Agronomy n fertilization nitrogen use efficiency antioxidant activity leaf quality protein hydrolysate <i>spinacia oleracea</i> l. sustainable agriculture <i>valerianella locusta</i> l. |
| title | Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (<i>Valerianella locusta</i> L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application |
| title_full | Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (<i>Valerianella locusta</i> L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (<i>Valerianella locusta</i> L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (<i>Valerianella locusta</i> L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application |
| title_short | Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (<i>Valerianella locusta</i> L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application |
| title_sort | nitrogen use and uptake efficiency and crop performance of baby spinach i spinacia oleracea i l and lamb s lettuce i valerianella locusta i l grown under variable sub optimal n regimes combined with plant based biostimulant application |
| topic | n fertilization nitrogen use efficiency antioxidant activity leaf quality protein hydrolysate <i>spinacia oleracea</i> l. sustainable agriculture <i>valerianella locusta</i> l. |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/2/278 |
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