Multilocus Phylogeography and Population Genetic Analyses of <i>Opsariichthys hainanensis</i> Reveal Pleistocene Isolation Followed by High Gene Flow around the Gulf of Tonkin
The ichthyofauna of continental islands is characterized by immigration through a land bridge due to fluctuating sea levels. Hainan Island is adjacent to the southern margin of mainland China and provides opportunities for understanding the origin and diversification of freshwater fishes. The aim of...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/10/1908 |
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| author | Junjie Wang Wenjun Zhang Jinxian Wu Chao Li Yu-Min Ju Hung-Du Lin Jun Zhao |
| author_facet | Junjie Wang Wenjun Zhang Jinxian Wu Chao Li Yu-Min Ju Hung-Du Lin Jun Zhao |
| author_sort | Junjie Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ichthyofauna of continental islands is characterized by immigration through a land bridge due to fluctuating sea levels. Hainan Island is adjacent to the southern margin of mainland China and provides opportunities for understanding the origin and diversification of freshwater fishes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the level of genetic variation and phylogeographic structure of <i>Opsariichthys hainanensis</i> on Hainan Island and mainland China, using mtDNA cyt <i>b</i> gene (1140 bp) and D-loop (926 bp), nuclear RAG1 gene (1506 bp), and 12 microsatellite loci. Mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis identified five major lineages according to the geographical distribution from different populations. We suggested that two dispersal events occurred: the population in the Changhua River migrated to the Red River (Lineage B), and the populations in the South Hainan region moved northwards to the North Hainan region. However, populations in Northwest Hainan Island dispersed to the populations around the Gulf of Tonkin (Lineage A1) and populations in Northeast Hainan Island dispersed to the populations in mainland China (Lineage A2). Our results indicated that the populations of <i>O. hainanensis</i> suffered a bottleneck event followed by a recent population expansion supported by the ABC analysis. We suggest that <i>O. hainanensis</i> populations were found mostly in the lowlands and a lack of suitable freshwater habitat in southern mainland China and Hainan during the Last Interglacial period, and then expansion occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:11:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-be8e813849774bbc8964d59f7ce04d3d2023-11-24T00:17:11ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252022-10-011310190810.3390/genes13101908Multilocus Phylogeography and Population Genetic Analyses of <i>Opsariichthys hainanensis</i> Reveal Pleistocene Isolation Followed by High Gene Flow around the Gulf of TonkinJunjie Wang0Wenjun Zhang1Jinxian Wu2Chao Li3Yu-Min Ju4Hung-Du Lin5Jun Zhao6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaNational Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94401, TaiwanThe Affiliated School of National Tainan First Senior High School, Tainan 701, TaiwanGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaThe ichthyofauna of continental islands is characterized by immigration through a land bridge due to fluctuating sea levels. Hainan Island is adjacent to the southern margin of mainland China and provides opportunities for understanding the origin and diversification of freshwater fishes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the level of genetic variation and phylogeographic structure of <i>Opsariichthys hainanensis</i> on Hainan Island and mainland China, using mtDNA cyt <i>b</i> gene (1140 bp) and D-loop (926 bp), nuclear RAG1 gene (1506 bp), and 12 microsatellite loci. Mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis identified five major lineages according to the geographical distribution from different populations. We suggested that two dispersal events occurred: the population in the Changhua River migrated to the Red River (Lineage B), and the populations in the South Hainan region moved northwards to the North Hainan region. However, populations in Northwest Hainan Island dispersed to the populations around the Gulf of Tonkin (Lineage A1) and populations in Northeast Hainan Island dispersed to the populations in mainland China (Lineage A2). Our results indicated that the populations of <i>O. hainanensis</i> suffered a bottleneck event followed by a recent population expansion supported by the ABC analysis. We suggest that <i>O. hainanensis</i> populations were found mostly in the lowlands and a lack of suitable freshwater habitat in southern mainland China and Hainan during the Last Interglacial period, and then expansion occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/10/1908DIY-ABCHainan Island<i>Opsariichthys hainanesis</i>phylogeography |
| spellingShingle | Junjie Wang Wenjun Zhang Jinxian Wu Chao Li Yu-Min Ju Hung-Du Lin Jun Zhao Multilocus Phylogeography and Population Genetic Analyses of <i>Opsariichthys hainanensis</i> Reveal Pleistocene Isolation Followed by High Gene Flow around the Gulf of Tonkin Genes DIY-ABC Hainan Island <i>Opsariichthys hainanesis</i> phylogeography |
| title | Multilocus Phylogeography and Population Genetic Analyses of <i>Opsariichthys hainanensis</i> Reveal Pleistocene Isolation Followed by High Gene Flow around the Gulf of Tonkin |
| title_full | Multilocus Phylogeography and Population Genetic Analyses of <i>Opsariichthys hainanensis</i> Reveal Pleistocene Isolation Followed by High Gene Flow around the Gulf of Tonkin |
| title_fullStr | Multilocus Phylogeography and Population Genetic Analyses of <i>Opsariichthys hainanensis</i> Reveal Pleistocene Isolation Followed by High Gene Flow around the Gulf of Tonkin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multilocus Phylogeography and Population Genetic Analyses of <i>Opsariichthys hainanensis</i> Reveal Pleistocene Isolation Followed by High Gene Flow around the Gulf of Tonkin |
| title_short | Multilocus Phylogeography and Population Genetic Analyses of <i>Opsariichthys hainanensis</i> Reveal Pleistocene Isolation Followed by High Gene Flow around the Gulf of Tonkin |
| title_sort | multilocus phylogeography and population genetic analyses of i opsariichthys hainanensis i reveal pleistocene isolation followed by high gene flow around the gulf of tonkin |
| topic | DIY-ABC Hainan Island <i>Opsariichthys hainanesis</i> phylogeography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/10/1908 |
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