Treatment and Relapse Prevention of Typical and Atypical Optic Neuritis
Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory condition involving the optic nerve. Several important typical and atypical ON variants are now recognized. Typical ON has a more favorable prognosis; it can be idiopathic or represent an early manifestation of demyelinating diseases, mostly multiple sclerosis...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9769 |
| _version_ | 1797495275890147328 |
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| author | George Saitakis Bart K. Chwalisz |
| author_facet | George Saitakis Bart K. Chwalisz |
| author_sort | George Saitakis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory condition involving the optic nerve. Several important typical and atypical ON variants are now recognized. Typical ON has a more favorable prognosis; it can be idiopathic or represent an early manifestation of demyelinating diseases, mostly multiple sclerosis (MS). The atypical spectrum includes entities such as antibody-driven ON associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD), chronic/relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION), and sarcoidosis-associated ON. Appropriate and timely diagnosis is essential to rapidly decide on the appropriate treatment, maximize visual recovery, and minimize recurrences. This review paper aims at presenting the currently available state-of-the-art treatment strategies for typical and atypical ON, both in the acute phase and in the long-term. Moreover, emerging therapeutic approaches and novel steps in the direction of achieving remyelination are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:45:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be9a6ff4b15b414da0fd27834529f781 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:45:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-be9a6ff4b15b414da0fd27834529f7812023-11-23T13:16:41ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-08-012317976910.3390/ijms23179769Treatment and Relapse Prevention of Typical and Atypical Optic NeuritisGeorge Saitakis0Bart K. Chwalisz1Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USADivision of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USAOptic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory condition involving the optic nerve. Several important typical and atypical ON variants are now recognized. Typical ON has a more favorable prognosis; it can be idiopathic or represent an early manifestation of demyelinating diseases, mostly multiple sclerosis (MS). The atypical spectrum includes entities such as antibody-driven ON associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD), chronic/relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION), and sarcoidosis-associated ON. Appropriate and timely diagnosis is essential to rapidly decide on the appropriate treatment, maximize visual recovery, and minimize recurrences. This review paper aims at presenting the currently available state-of-the-art treatment strategies for typical and atypical ON, both in the acute phase and in the long-term. Moreover, emerging therapeutic approaches and novel steps in the direction of achieving remyelination are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9769atypical optic neuritis treatmenttypical optic neuritisMOGNMOMS prevention |
| spellingShingle | George Saitakis Bart K. Chwalisz Treatment and Relapse Prevention of Typical and Atypical Optic Neuritis International Journal of Molecular Sciences atypical optic neuritis treatment typical optic neuritis MOG NMO MS prevention |
| title | Treatment and Relapse Prevention of Typical and Atypical Optic Neuritis |
| title_full | Treatment and Relapse Prevention of Typical and Atypical Optic Neuritis |
| title_fullStr | Treatment and Relapse Prevention of Typical and Atypical Optic Neuritis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Treatment and Relapse Prevention of Typical and Atypical Optic Neuritis |
| title_short | Treatment and Relapse Prevention of Typical and Atypical Optic Neuritis |
| title_sort | treatment and relapse prevention of typical and atypical optic neuritis |
| topic | atypical optic neuritis treatment typical optic neuritis MOG NMO MS prevention |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9769 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT georgesaitakis treatmentandrelapsepreventionoftypicalandatypicalopticneuritis AT bartkchwalisz treatmentandrelapsepreventionoftypicalandatypicalopticneuritis |