Quantum Related-Key Attack Based on Simon’s Algorithm and Its Applications
With the development of quantum technology, quantum computing has an increasingly significant impact on cryptanalysis. Several quantum algorithms, such as Simon’s algorithm, Grover’s algorithm, the Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm, Shor’s algorithm, and the Grover-meets-Simon algorithm, have been propos...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/5/972 |
| _version_ | 1797598251241701376 |
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| author | Ping Zhang |
| author_facet | Ping Zhang |
| author_sort | Ping Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the development of quantum technology, quantum computing has an increasingly significant impact on cryptanalysis. Several quantum algorithms, such as Simon’s algorithm, Grover’s algorithm, the Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm, Shor’s algorithm, and the Grover-meets-Simon algorithm, have been proposed successively. However, almost all cryptanalysis is based on the quantum chosen-plaintext attack (qCPA) model. This paper focuses on a powerful cryptanalytic model, quantum related-key attack (qRKA), and proposes a strategy of qRKAs against symmetric ciphers using Simon’s algorithm. We construct a periodic function to efficiently recover the secret key of symmetric ciphers if the attacked symmetric ciphers satisfy Simon’s promise, and present the complexity analysis on specific symmetric ciphers. Then, we apply qRKA to the Even–Mansour cipher and SoEM construction, recover their secret keys, and show their complexity comparison in the distinct attack models. This work is of great significance for the qRKA cryptanalysis of existing provably secure cryptographic schemes and the design of future quantum secure cryptographic schemes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:16:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be9a7bc3f2f842bf825ea9db456411fb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:16:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-be9a7bc3f2f842bf825ea9db456411fb2023-11-18T03:29:04ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942023-04-0115597210.3390/sym15050972Quantum Related-Key Attack Based on Simon’s Algorithm and Its ApplicationsPing Zhang0School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, ChinaWith the development of quantum technology, quantum computing has an increasingly significant impact on cryptanalysis. Several quantum algorithms, such as Simon’s algorithm, Grover’s algorithm, the Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm, Shor’s algorithm, and the Grover-meets-Simon algorithm, have been proposed successively. However, almost all cryptanalysis is based on the quantum chosen-plaintext attack (qCPA) model. This paper focuses on a powerful cryptanalytic model, quantum related-key attack (qRKA), and proposes a strategy of qRKAs against symmetric ciphers using Simon’s algorithm. We construct a periodic function to efficiently recover the secret key of symmetric ciphers if the attacked symmetric ciphers satisfy Simon’s promise, and present the complexity analysis on specific symmetric ciphers. Then, we apply qRKA to the Even–Mansour cipher and SoEM construction, recover their secret keys, and show their complexity comparison in the distinct attack models. This work is of great significance for the qRKA cryptanalysis of existing provably secure cryptographic schemes and the design of future quantum secure cryptographic schemes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/5/972quantum cryptographyquantum cryptanalysisquantum related-key attackquantum algorithmsymmetric ciphers |
| spellingShingle | Ping Zhang Quantum Related-Key Attack Based on Simon’s Algorithm and Its Applications Symmetry quantum cryptography quantum cryptanalysis quantum related-key attack quantum algorithm symmetric ciphers |
| title | Quantum Related-Key Attack Based on Simon’s Algorithm and Its Applications |
| title_full | Quantum Related-Key Attack Based on Simon’s Algorithm and Its Applications |
| title_fullStr | Quantum Related-Key Attack Based on Simon’s Algorithm and Its Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantum Related-Key Attack Based on Simon’s Algorithm and Its Applications |
| title_short | Quantum Related-Key Attack Based on Simon’s Algorithm and Its Applications |
| title_sort | quantum related key attack based on simon s algorithm and its applications |
| topic | quantum cryptography quantum cryptanalysis quantum related-key attack quantum algorithm symmetric ciphers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/5/972 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pingzhang quantumrelatedkeyattackbasedonsimonsalgorithmanditsapplications |