Validation of Soft Multipin Dry EEG Electrodes
Current developments towards multipin, dry electrodes in electroencephalography (EEG) are promising for applications in non-laboratory environments. Dry electrodes do not require the application of conductive gel, which mostly confines the use of gel EEG systems to the laboratory environment. The ai...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6827 |
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| author | Janne J.A. Heijs Ruben Jan Havelaar Patrique Fiedler Richard J.A. van Wezel Tjitske Heida |
| author_facet | Janne J.A. Heijs Ruben Jan Havelaar Patrique Fiedler Richard J.A. van Wezel Tjitske Heida |
| author_sort | Janne J.A. Heijs |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Current developments towards multipin, dry electrodes in electroencephalography (EEG) are promising for applications in non-laboratory environments. Dry electrodes do not require the application of conductive gel, which mostly confines the use of gel EEG systems to the laboratory environment. The aim of this study is to validate soft, multipin, dry EEG electrodes by comparing their performance to conventional gel EEG electrodes. Fifteen healthy volunteers performed three tasks, with a 32-channel gel EEG system and a 32-channel dry EEG system: the 40 Hz Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR), the checkerboard paradigm, and an eyes open/closed task. Within-subject analyses were performed to compare the signal quality in the time, frequency, and spatial domains. The results showed strong similarities between the two systems in the time and frequency domains, with strong correlations of the visual (ρ = 0.89) and auditory evoked potential (ρ = 0.81), and moderate to strong correlations for the alpha band during eye closure (ρ = 0.81–0.86) and the 40 Hz-ASSR power (ρ = 0.66–0.72), respectively. However, delta and theta band power was significantly increased, and the signal-to-noise ratio was significantly decreased for the dry EEG system. Topographical distributions were comparable for both systems. Moreover, the application time of the dry EEG system was significantly shorter (8 min). It can be concluded that the soft, multipin dry EEG system can be used in brain activity research with similar accuracy as conventional gel electrodes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:13:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be9acc58b422475a8bfbc42d6b3cafc3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:13:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-be9acc58b422475a8bfbc42d6b3cafc32023-11-22T19:58:04ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-10-012120682710.3390/s21206827Validation of Soft Multipin Dry EEG ElectrodesJanne J.A. Heijs0Ruben Jan Havelaar1Patrique Fiedler2Richard J.A. van Wezel3Tjitske Heida4TechMed Centre, Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The NetherlandsDonders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The NetherlandsInstitute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, GermanyTechMed Centre, Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The NetherlandsTechMed Centre, Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The NetherlandsCurrent developments towards multipin, dry electrodes in electroencephalography (EEG) are promising for applications in non-laboratory environments. Dry electrodes do not require the application of conductive gel, which mostly confines the use of gel EEG systems to the laboratory environment. The aim of this study is to validate soft, multipin, dry EEG electrodes by comparing their performance to conventional gel EEG electrodes. Fifteen healthy volunteers performed three tasks, with a 32-channel gel EEG system and a 32-channel dry EEG system: the 40 Hz Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR), the checkerboard paradigm, and an eyes open/closed task. Within-subject analyses were performed to compare the signal quality in the time, frequency, and spatial domains. The results showed strong similarities between the two systems in the time and frequency domains, with strong correlations of the visual (ρ = 0.89) and auditory evoked potential (ρ = 0.81), and moderate to strong correlations for the alpha band during eye closure (ρ = 0.81–0.86) and the 40 Hz-ASSR power (ρ = 0.66–0.72), respectively. However, delta and theta band power was significantly increased, and the signal-to-noise ratio was significantly decreased for the dry EEG system. Topographical distributions were comparable for both systems. Moreover, the application time of the dry EEG system was significantly shorter (8 min). It can be concluded that the soft, multipin dry EEG system can be used in brain activity research with similar accuracy as conventional gel electrodes.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6827electroencephalography (EEG)dry electrodesgel electrodesbrain imagingvalidation study |
| spellingShingle | Janne J.A. Heijs Ruben Jan Havelaar Patrique Fiedler Richard J.A. van Wezel Tjitske Heida Validation of Soft Multipin Dry EEG Electrodes Sensors electroencephalography (EEG) dry electrodes gel electrodes brain imaging validation study |
| title | Validation of Soft Multipin Dry EEG Electrodes |
| title_full | Validation of Soft Multipin Dry EEG Electrodes |
| title_fullStr | Validation of Soft Multipin Dry EEG Electrodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation of Soft Multipin Dry EEG Electrodes |
| title_short | Validation of Soft Multipin Dry EEG Electrodes |
| title_sort | validation of soft multipin dry eeg electrodes |
| topic | electroencephalography (EEG) dry electrodes gel electrodes brain imaging validation study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6827 |
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