Technological Aspects of Highly Selective Synthesis of Allyloxyalcohols—New, Greener, Productive Methods

Allyl ethers bearing free hydroxyl groups of CH<sub>2</sub>=CH-CH-<i>O</i>-A-OH type (hydroxyalkyl allyl ethers, allyloxyalcohols) are valuable chemicals in many environmentally friendly industrial applications. The development of technologically attractive methods for their...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Magdalena Urbala
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-12-01
Series:Catalysts
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/12/1559
Description
Summary:Allyl ethers bearing free hydroxyl groups of CH<sub>2</sub>=CH-CH-<i>O</i>-A-OH type (hydroxyalkyl allyl ethers, allyloxyalcohols) are valuable chemicals in many environmentally friendly industrial applications. The development of technologically attractive methods for their production is necessary. The two pathways (L-L PTC and non-catalytic solvent-free conditions) were optimized for the highly selective and yield synthesis of 4-allyloxybutan-1-ol. Improvements in the PTC method (50% NaOH(aq), the equimolar ratio of NaOH to diol, cyclohexane as solvent) with a new highly selective and effective PT catalyst, i.e., Me(<i>n</i>-Oct)<sub>3</sub>N<sup>+</sup>Br<sup>−</sup> (0.3 mol%), resulted in 88% yield and 98% selectivity of 4-allyloxybutan-1-ol with minimal formation of allyl chloride hydrolysis by-products (<1%). In turn, application of non-catalytic solvent-free conditions and the change in the key substrate with an excess of diol and use of solid NaOH solely led to a mono-<i>O</i>-allylation product with an excellent yield of 99% in a relatively short reaction time (3.5 h), with trace amounts of by-products (<0.1%). This sustainable method is perfectly suitable for the synthesis on a larger scale (3 moles of the key substrate) and for the full <i>O</i>-allylation process.
ISSN:2073-4344