Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges
Early detection is a key factor in patient fate. Currently, multiple biomolecules have been recognized as biomarkers. Nevertheless, their identification is only the starting line on the way to their implementation in disease diagnosis. Although blood is the biofluid par excellence for the quantifica...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/7026 |
| _version_ | 1827675896289427456 |
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| author | Alonso Ornelas-González Margarita Ortiz-Martínez Mirna González-González Marco Rito-Palomares |
| author_facet | Alonso Ornelas-González Margarita Ortiz-Martínez Mirna González-González Marco Rito-Palomares |
| author_sort | Alonso Ornelas-González |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Early detection is a key factor in patient fate. Currently, multiple biomolecules have been recognized as biomarkers. Nevertheless, their identification is only the starting line on the way to their implementation in disease diagnosis. Although blood is the biofluid par excellence for the quantification of biomarkers, its extraction is uncomfortable and painful for many patients. In this sense, there is a gap in which saliva emerges as a non-invasive and valuable source of information, as it contains many of the biomarkers found in blood. Recent technological advances have made it possible to detect and quantify biomarkers in saliva samples. However, there are opportunity areas in terms of cost and complexity, which could be solved using simpler methodologies such as those based on enzymes. Many reviews have focused on presenting the state-of-the-art in identifying biomarkers in saliva samples. However, just a few of them provide critical analysis of technical elements for biomarker quantification in enzymatic methods for large-scale clinical applications. Thus, this review proposes enzymatic assays as a cost-effective alternative to overcome the limitations of current methods for the quantification of biomarkers in saliva, highlighting the technical and operational considerations necessary for sampling, method development, optimization, and validation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:13:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-beb1280c68424fb080a11d71be859ea4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:13:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-beb1280c68424fb080a11d71be859ea42023-11-23T00:37:24ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-11-012622702610.3390/molecules26227026Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current ChallengesAlonso Ornelas-González0Margarita Ortiz-Martínez1Mirna González-González2Marco Rito-Palomares3Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, N.L., MexicoEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, N.L., MexicoEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, N.L., MexicoEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, N.L., MexicoEarly detection is a key factor in patient fate. Currently, multiple biomolecules have been recognized as biomarkers. Nevertheless, their identification is only the starting line on the way to their implementation in disease diagnosis. Although blood is the biofluid par excellence for the quantification of biomarkers, its extraction is uncomfortable and painful for many patients. In this sense, there is a gap in which saliva emerges as a non-invasive and valuable source of information, as it contains many of the biomarkers found in blood. Recent technological advances have made it possible to detect and quantify biomarkers in saliva samples. However, there are opportunity areas in terms of cost and complexity, which could be solved using simpler methodologies such as those based on enzymes. Many reviews have focused on presenting the state-of-the-art in identifying biomarkers in saliva samples. However, just a few of them provide critical analysis of technical elements for biomarker quantification in enzymatic methods for large-scale clinical applications. Thus, this review proposes enzymatic assays as a cost-effective alternative to overcome the limitations of current methods for the quantification of biomarkers in saliva, highlighting the technical and operational considerations necessary for sampling, method development, optimization, and validation.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/7026enzyme assayssalivabiomarkersanalysis |
| spellingShingle | Alonso Ornelas-González Margarita Ortiz-Martínez Mirna González-González Marco Rito-Palomares Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges Molecules enzyme assays saliva biomarkers analysis |
| title | Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges |
| title_full | Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges |
| title_fullStr | Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges |
| title_short | Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges |
| title_sort | enzymatic methods for salivary biomarkers detection overview and current challenges |
| topic | enzyme assays saliva biomarkers analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/7026 |
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