Food supply and seawater pCO2 impact calcification and internal shell dissolution in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis.
Progressive ocean acidification due to anthropogenic CO(2) emissions will alter marine ecosystem processes. Calcifying organisms might be particularly vulnerable to these alterations in the speciation of the marine carbonate system. While previous research efforts have mainly focused on external dis...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3174946?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1811325010547048448 |
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| author | Frank Melzner Paul Stange Katja Trübenbach Jörn Thomsen Isabel Casties Ulrike Panknin Stanislav N Gorb Magdalena A Gutowska |
| author_facet | Frank Melzner Paul Stange Katja Trübenbach Jörn Thomsen Isabel Casties Ulrike Panknin Stanislav N Gorb Magdalena A Gutowska |
| author_sort | Frank Melzner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Progressive ocean acidification due to anthropogenic CO(2) emissions will alter marine ecosystem processes. Calcifying organisms might be particularly vulnerable to these alterations in the speciation of the marine carbonate system. While previous research efforts have mainly focused on external dissolution of shells in seawater under saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, the internal shell interface might be more vulnerable to acidification. In the case of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, high body fluid pCO(2) causes low pH and low carbonate concentrations in the extrapallial fluid, which is in direct contact with the inner shell surface. In order to test whether elevated seawater pCO(2) impacts calcification and inner shell surface integrity we exposed Baltic M. edulis to four different seawater pCO(2) (39, 142, 240, 405 Pa) and two food algae (310-350 cells mL(-1) vs. 1600-2000 cells mL(-1)) concentrations for a period of seven weeks during winter (5°C). We found that low food algae concentrations and high pCO(2) values each significantly decreased shell length growth. Internal shell surface corrosion of nacreous ( = aragonite) layers was documented via stereomicroscopy and SEM at the two highest pCO(2) treatments in the high food group, while it was found in all treatments in the low food group. Both factors, food and pCO(2), significantly influenced the magnitude of inner shell surface dissolution. Our findings illustrate for the first time that integrity of inner shell surfaces is tightly coupled to the animals' energy budget under conditions of CO(2) stress. It is likely that under food limited conditions, energy is allocated to more vital processes (e.g. somatic mass maintenance) instead of shell conservation. It is evident from our results that mussels exert significant biological control over the structural integrity of their inner shell surfaces. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:25:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-beb3dc13615c44ef8f2fdbe7f667635e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:25:38Z |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-beb3dc13615c44ef8f2fdbe7f667635e2022-12-22T02:43:20ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032011-01-0169e2422310.1371/journal.pone.0024223Food supply and seawater pCO2 impact calcification and internal shell dissolution in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis.Frank MelznerPaul StangeKatja TrübenbachJörn ThomsenIsabel CastiesUlrike PankninStanislav N GorbMagdalena A GutowskaProgressive ocean acidification due to anthropogenic CO(2) emissions will alter marine ecosystem processes. Calcifying organisms might be particularly vulnerable to these alterations in the speciation of the marine carbonate system. While previous research efforts have mainly focused on external dissolution of shells in seawater under saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, the internal shell interface might be more vulnerable to acidification. In the case of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, high body fluid pCO(2) causes low pH and low carbonate concentrations in the extrapallial fluid, which is in direct contact with the inner shell surface. In order to test whether elevated seawater pCO(2) impacts calcification and inner shell surface integrity we exposed Baltic M. edulis to four different seawater pCO(2) (39, 142, 240, 405 Pa) and two food algae (310-350 cells mL(-1) vs. 1600-2000 cells mL(-1)) concentrations for a period of seven weeks during winter (5°C). We found that low food algae concentrations and high pCO(2) values each significantly decreased shell length growth. Internal shell surface corrosion of nacreous ( = aragonite) layers was documented via stereomicroscopy and SEM at the two highest pCO(2) treatments in the high food group, while it was found in all treatments in the low food group. Both factors, food and pCO(2), significantly influenced the magnitude of inner shell surface dissolution. Our findings illustrate for the first time that integrity of inner shell surfaces is tightly coupled to the animals' energy budget under conditions of CO(2) stress. It is likely that under food limited conditions, energy is allocated to more vital processes (e.g. somatic mass maintenance) instead of shell conservation. It is evident from our results that mussels exert significant biological control over the structural integrity of their inner shell surfaces.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3174946?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Frank Melzner Paul Stange Katja Trübenbach Jörn Thomsen Isabel Casties Ulrike Panknin Stanislav N Gorb Magdalena A Gutowska Food supply and seawater pCO2 impact calcification and internal shell dissolution in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. PLoS ONE |
| title | Food supply and seawater pCO2 impact calcification and internal shell dissolution in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. |
| title_full | Food supply and seawater pCO2 impact calcification and internal shell dissolution in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. |
| title_fullStr | Food supply and seawater pCO2 impact calcification and internal shell dissolution in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Food supply and seawater pCO2 impact calcification and internal shell dissolution in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. |
| title_short | Food supply and seawater pCO2 impact calcification and internal shell dissolution in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. |
| title_sort | food supply and seawater pco2 impact calcification and internal shell dissolution in the blue mussel mytilus edulis |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3174946?pdf=render |
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