Fabrication and Characterization of Lead-Free BNT-6BT Ultrasonic Transducers Designed by an Intelligent Optimization Algorithm
Lead-free piezoelectric material-based ultrasonic transducers have been researched for several years, but the inefficient properties and design difficulties have troubled lead-free ultrasonic transducers for a long time. To improve the performance and design efficiency of lead-free ultrasonic transd...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/8/1181 |
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| author | Junshan Zhang Jianxin Zhao Yi Quan Jingrong He Yi Li Zhe Wang Kun Zheng Jian Zhuang Zhishui Jiang Li Wen Wei Ren |
| author_facet | Junshan Zhang Jianxin Zhao Yi Quan Jingrong He Yi Li Zhe Wang Kun Zheng Jian Zhuang Zhishui Jiang Li Wen Wei Ren |
| author_sort | Junshan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lead-free piezoelectric material-based ultrasonic transducers have been researched for several years, but the inefficient properties and design difficulties have troubled lead-free ultrasonic transducers for a long time. To improve the performance and design efficiency of lead-free ultrasonic transducers, in this work, an equivalent circuit model and intelligent optimization algorithm were combined for use in a transducer design. Firstly, 0.94(Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub>-0.06BaTiO<sub>3</sub>(BNT-6BT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared and characterized. Then, BNT-6BT ceramics were used to fabricate the ultrasonic transducers. An equivalent circuit model-based software, PiezoCAD, and a genetic algorithm-based back-propagation neural network were used to optimize the design of the transducers. A 3.03 MHz center frequency and 60.3% −6 dB bandwidth of the optimized transducers were achieved, which were consistent with the neural networks optimization results. To verify the application potential of the lead-free transducers, tungsten rods phantom imaging and polystyrene spheres with 300 μm diameter manipulation were completed by the transducers, and the experiment results indicate that the BNT-6BT lead-free transducers have great potential in further biological and biomedical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:35:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-beb84308f3fc4206b7214c1cbb2303d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:35:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-beb84308f3fc4206b7214c1cbb2303d42023-12-03T13:30:31ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522022-08-01128118110.3390/cryst12081181Fabrication and Characterization of Lead-Free BNT-6BT Ultrasonic Transducers Designed by an Intelligent Optimization AlgorithmJunshan Zhang0Jianxin Zhao1Yi Quan2Jingrong He3Yi Li4Zhe Wang5Kun Zheng6Jian Zhuang7Zhishui Jiang8Li Wen9Wei Ren10Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, ChinaElectronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaElectronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaElectronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaGuangdong JC Technological Innovation Electronics Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526000, ChinaGuangdong JC Technological Innovation Electronics Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526000, ChinaElectronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaLead-free piezoelectric material-based ultrasonic transducers have been researched for several years, but the inefficient properties and design difficulties have troubled lead-free ultrasonic transducers for a long time. To improve the performance and design efficiency of lead-free ultrasonic transducers, in this work, an equivalent circuit model and intelligent optimization algorithm were combined for use in a transducer design. Firstly, 0.94(Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub>-0.06BaTiO<sub>3</sub>(BNT-6BT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared and characterized. Then, BNT-6BT ceramics were used to fabricate the ultrasonic transducers. An equivalent circuit model-based software, PiezoCAD, and a genetic algorithm-based back-propagation neural network were used to optimize the design of the transducers. A 3.03 MHz center frequency and 60.3% −6 dB bandwidth of the optimized transducers were achieved, which were consistent with the neural networks optimization results. To verify the application potential of the lead-free transducers, tungsten rods phantom imaging and polystyrene spheres with 300 μm diameter manipulation were completed by the transducers, and the experiment results indicate that the BNT-6BT lead-free transducers have great potential in further biological and biomedical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/8/1181BNT-6BT lead-free ceramicsparticle swarm optimization algorithmultrasonic transduceracoustic tweezer |
| spellingShingle | Junshan Zhang Jianxin Zhao Yi Quan Jingrong He Yi Li Zhe Wang Kun Zheng Jian Zhuang Zhishui Jiang Li Wen Wei Ren Fabrication and Characterization of Lead-Free BNT-6BT Ultrasonic Transducers Designed by an Intelligent Optimization Algorithm Crystals BNT-6BT lead-free ceramics particle swarm optimization algorithm ultrasonic transducer acoustic tweezer |
| title | Fabrication and Characterization of Lead-Free BNT-6BT Ultrasonic Transducers Designed by an Intelligent Optimization Algorithm |
| title_full | Fabrication and Characterization of Lead-Free BNT-6BT Ultrasonic Transducers Designed by an Intelligent Optimization Algorithm |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication and Characterization of Lead-Free BNT-6BT Ultrasonic Transducers Designed by an Intelligent Optimization Algorithm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication and Characterization of Lead-Free BNT-6BT Ultrasonic Transducers Designed by an Intelligent Optimization Algorithm |
| title_short | Fabrication and Characterization of Lead-Free BNT-6BT Ultrasonic Transducers Designed by an Intelligent Optimization Algorithm |
| title_sort | fabrication and characterization of lead free bnt 6bt ultrasonic transducers designed by an intelligent optimization algorithm |
| topic | BNT-6BT lead-free ceramics particle swarm optimization algorithm ultrasonic transducer acoustic tweezer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/8/1181 |
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