<i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> Leaves Normalize Hormonal Profile and Total Cholesterol in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats
In the present study, the beneficial effect of leaves of <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> on testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, LH hormones, blood glucose, and total cholesterol levels in the experimentally induced polycystic ovaries of female Sprague Dawley rats were evaluated. Letrozole...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2599 |
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| author | Thippeswamy Boreddy Shivanandappa Maheswari Chinnadhurai Geetha Kandasamy Rajalakshimi Vasudevan Gigi Sam Anjana Karunakarannair |
| author_facet | Thippeswamy Boreddy Shivanandappa Maheswari Chinnadhurai Geetha Kandasamy Rajalakshimi Vasudevan Gigi Sam Anjana Karunakarannair |
| author_sort | Thippeswamy Boreddy Shivanandappa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present study, the beneficial effect of leaves of <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> on testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, LH hormones, blood glucose, and total cholesterol levels in the experimentally induced polycystic ovaries of female Sprague Dawley rats were evaluated. Letrozole was used to induce PCOS in rats, and clomiphene citrate was used as a standard control. This study was carried out in vivo on 30 female rats where group I received normal saline and group II to V were treated with letrozole (1 mg/kg/day), which was dissolved in normal saline orally for 21 days to induce PCOS. After PCOS induction, test groups III and IV were orally treated with ZMME at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 14 days, respectively, and group V was treated with clomiphene citrate (2 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. After blood collection, the ovaries were removed and weighed. The results showed that <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> normalized all hormones and total cholesterol levels. The HPTLC profile showed the presence of gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, and ursolic acid. Many studies have reported that quercetin is effective against PCOS and its complications; it suppresses insulin resistance and reduces testosterone and LH levels. The present study showed an improvement in the inflammatory microenvironment of the ovarian tissue in the PCOS rat model. This research concluded that the leaves of <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> have potential efficacy in the treatment of PCOS by normalizing abnormal hormones and total cholesterol levels, which could be due to the presence of quercetin in the leaves. |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:43:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-bebdc1b934c145fda3a500e3f106c4352023-11-18T20:59:20ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-07-011214259910.3390/plants12142599<i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> Leaves Normalize Hormonal Profile and Total Cholesterol in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome RatsThippeswamy Boreddy Shivanandappa0Maheswari Chinnadhurai1Geetha Kandasamy2Rajalakshimi Vasudevan3Gigi Sam4Anjana Karunakarannair5Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi ArabiaIn the present study, the beneficial effect of leaves of <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> on testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, LH hormones, blood glucose, and total cholesterol levels in the experimentally induced polycystic ovaries of female Sprague Dawley rats were evaluated. Letrozole was used to induce PCOS in rats, and clomiphene citrate was used as a standard control. This study was carried out in vivo on 30 female rats where group I received normal saline and group II to V were treated with letrozole (1 mg/kg/day), which was dissolved in normal saline orally for 21 days to induce PCOS. After PCOS induction, test groups III and IV were orally treated with ZMME at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 14 days, respectively, and group V was treated with clomiphene citrate (2 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. After blood collection, the ovaries were removed and weighed. The results showed that <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> normalized all hormones and total cholesterol levels. The HPTLC profile showed the presence of gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, and ursolic acid. Many studies have reported that quercetin is effective against PCOS and its complications; it suppresses insulin resistance and reduces testosterone and LH levels. The present study showed an improvement in the inflammatory microenvironment of the ovarian tissue in the PCOS rat model. This research concluded that the leaves of <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> have potential efficacy in the treatment of PCOS by normalizing abnormal hormones and total cholesterol levels, which could be due to the presence of quercetin in the leaves.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2599Indian JujubePCOSletrozoleclomiphene citrate |
| spellingShingle | Thippeswamy Boreddy Shivanandappa Maheswari Chinnadhurai Geetha Kandasamy Rajalakshimi Vasudevan Gigi Sam Anjana Karunakarannair <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> Leaves Normalize Hormonal Profile and Total Cholesterol in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats Plants Indian Jujube PCOS letrozole clomiphene citrate |
| title | <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> Leaves Normalize Hormonal Profile and Total Cholesterol in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats |
| title_full | <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> Leaves Normalize Hormonal Profile and Total Cholesterol in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats |
| title_fullStr | <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> Leaves Normalize Hormonal Profile and Total Cholesterol in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> Leaves Normalize Hormonal Profile and Total Cholesterol in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats |
| title_short | <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> Leaves Normalize Hormonal Profile and Total Cholesterol in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats |
| title_sort | i ziziphus mauritiana i leaves normalize hormonal profile and total cholesterol in polycystic ovarian syndrome rats |
| topic | Indian Jujube PCOS letrozole clomiphene citrate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2599 |
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