Gender Differences in the Frequency of Positive and Negative Effects after Acute Caffeine Consumption
Gender-specific caffeine-related adverse effects should be thoroughly investigated. Sixty-five adult participants were included in the study, 30 men and 35 women (age, 22.5 ± 2.8; body weight, 71.7 ± 16.2 kg; BMI, 23.6 ± 4.4). The participants who were classified as low and moderate caffeine users r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/6/1318 |
| _version_ | 1797609739760173056 |
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| author | Przemysław Domaszewski |
| author_facet | Przemysław Domaszewski |
| author_sort | Przemysław Domaszewski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gender-specific caffeine-related adverse effects should be thoroughly investigated. Sixty-five adult participants were included in the study, 30 men and 35 women (age, 22.5 ± 2.8; body weight, 71.7 ± 16.2 kg; BMI, 23.6 ± 4.4). The participants who were classified as low and moderate caffeine users received 3 mg/kg, and high caffeine users received 6 mg/kg of caffeine in one dose. One hour after ingestion of caffeine and within twenty-four hours, the participants completed a side effect questionnaire. Effects after the ingestion of CAF were divided into two subgroups: negative (muscle soreness, increased urine output, tachycardia and palpitations, anxiety or nervousness, headache, gastrointestinal problems, and insomnia) and positive (perception improvement; increased vigor/activeness). Caffeine ingestion resulted in a statistically significant association between gender and negative effects one hour after ingestion (<i>p</i> = 0.049). Gender and positive effects one hour after ingestion (<i>p</i> = 0.005), and between gender and positive effects within 24 h after ingestion (<i>p</i> = 0.047). There were significant associations between gender and perception improvement (<i>p</i> = 0.032) and gender and increased vigor/activeness (<i>p</i> = 0.009) one hour after ingestion. Nearly 30% of men and 54% of women reported negative effects. At the same time, 20% of women and more than 50% of men reported positive effects. Gender is an important factor in the negative and positive effects of caffeine consumption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:05:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bec5223f15b74b119a28547f2c19b6bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:05:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-bec5223f15b74b119a28547f2c19b6bb2023-11-17T13:04:04ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-03-01156131810.3390/nu15061318Gender Differences in the Frequency of Positive and Negative Effects after Acute Caffeine ConsumptionPrzemysław Domaszewski0Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, PolandGender-specific caffeine-related adverse effects should be thoroughly investigated. Sixty-five adult participants were included in the study, 30 men and 35 women (age, 22.5 ± 2.8; body weight, 71.7 ± 16.2 kg; BMI, 23.6 ± 4.4). The participants who were classified as low and moderate caffeine users received 3 mg/kg, and high caffeine users received 6 mg/kg of caffeine in one dose. One hour after ingestion of caffeine and within twenty-four hours, the participants completed a side effect questionnaire. Effects after the ingestion of CAF were divided into two subgroups: negative (muscle soreness, increased urine output, tachycardia and palpitations, anxiety or nervousness, headache, gastrointestinal problems, and insomnia) and positive (perception improvement; increased vigor/activeness). Caffeine ingestion resulted in a statistically significant association between gender and negative effects one hour after ingestion (<i>p</i> = 0.049). Gender and positive effects one hour after ingestion (<i>p</i> = 0.005), and between gender and positive effects within 24 h after ingestion (<i>p</i> = 0.047). There were significant associations between gender and perception improvement (<i>p</i> = 0.032) and gender and increased vigor/activeness (<i>p</i> = 0.009) one hour after ingestion. Nearly 30% of men and 54% of women reported negative effects. At the same time, 20% of women and more than 50% of men reported positive effects. Gender is an important factor in the negative and positive effects of caffeine consumption.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/6/1318side effectspositive effectsgendercaffeineoptimalisation |
| spellingShingle | Przemysław Domaszewski Gender Differences in the Frequency of Positive and Negative Effects after Acute Caffeine Consumption Nutrients side effects positive effects gender caffeine optimalisation |
| title | Gender Differences in the Frequency of Positive and Negative Effects after Acute Caffeine Consumption |
| title_full | Gender Differences in the Frequency of Positive and Negative Effects after Acute Caffeine Consumption |
| title_fullStr | Gender Differences in the Frequency of Positive and Negative Effects after Acute Caffeine Consumption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender Differences in the Frequency of Positive and Negative Effects after Acute Caffeine Consumption |
| title_short | Gender Differences in the Frequency of Positive and Negative Effects after Acute Caffeine Consumption |
| title_sort | gender differences in the frequency of positive and negative effects after acute caffeine consumption |
| topic | side effects positive effects gender caffeine optimalisation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/6/1318 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT przemysławdomaszewski genderdifferencesinthefrequencyofpositiveandnegativeeffectsafteracutecaffeineconsumption |