Multi-Focus Image Fusion for Full-Field Optical Angiography
Full-field optical angiography (FFOA) has considerable potential for clinical applications in the prevention and diagnosis of various diseases. However, owing to the limited depth of focus attainable using optical lenses, only information about blood flow in the plane within the depth of field can b...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/6/951 |
| _version_ | 1827737439912853504 |
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| author | Yuchan Jie Xiaosong Li Mingyi Wang Haishu Tan |
| author_facet | Yuchan Jie Xiaosong Li Mingyi Wang Haishu Tan |
| author_sort | Yuchan Jie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Full-field optical angiography (FFOA) has considerable potential for clinical applications in the prevention and diagnosis of various diseases. However, owing to the limited depth of focus attainable using optical lenses, only information about blood flow in the plane within the depth of field can be acquired using existing FFOA imaging techniques, resulting in partially unclear images. To produce fully focused FFOA images, an FFOA image fusion method based on the nonsubsampled contourlet transform and contrast spatial frequency is proposed. Firstly, an imaging system is constructed, and the FFOA images are acquired by intensity-fluctuation modulation effect. Secondly, we decompose the source images into low-pass and bandpass images by performing nonsubsampled contourlet transform. A sparse representation-based rule is introduced to fuse the lowpass images to effectively retain the useful energy information. Meanwhile, a contrast spatial frequency rule is proposed to fuse bandpass images, which considers the neighborhood correlation and gradient relationships of pixels. Finally, the fully focused image is produced by reconstruction. The proposed method significantly expands the range of focus of optical angiography and can be effectively extended to public multi-focused datasets. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method outperformed some state-of-the-art methods in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:30:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bec6ee772c6240ed9f6bb1c5609637d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:30:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-bec6ee772c6240ed9f6bb1c5609637d02023-11-18T10:18:41ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002023-06-0125695110.3390/e25060951Multi-Focus Image Fusion for Full-Field Optical AngiographyYuchan Jie0Xiaosong Li1Mingyi Wang2Haishu Tan3Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaShien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, ChinaSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, ChinaFull-field optical angiography (FFOA) has considerable potential for clinical applications in the prevention and diagnosis of various diseases. However, owing to the limited depth of focus attainable using optical lenses, only information about blood flow in the plane within the depth of field can be acquired using existing FFOA imaging techniques, resulting in partially unclear images. To produce fully focused FFOA images, an FFOA image fusion method based on the nonsubsampled contourlet transform and contrast spatial frequency is proposed. Firstly, an imaging system is constructed, and the FFOA images are acquired by intensity-fluctuation modulation effect. Secondly, we decompose the source images into low-pass and bandpass images by performing nonsubsampled contourlet transform. A sparse representation-based rule is introduced to fuse the lowpass images to effectively retain the useful energy information. Meanwhile, a contrast spatial frequency rule is proposed to fuse bandpass images, which considers the neighborhood correlation and gradient relationships of pixels. Finally, the fully focused image is produced by reconstruction. The proposed method significantly expands the range of focus of optical angiography and can be effectively extended to public multi-focused datasets. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method outperformed some state-of-the-art methods in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/6/951full-field optical angiographynonsubsampled contourlet transformimage fusioncontrast spatial frequencysparse representation |
| spellingShingle | Yuchan Jie Xiaosong Li Mingyi Wang Haishu Tan Multi-Focus Image Fusion for Full-Field Optical Angiography Entropy full-field optical angiography nonsubsampled contourlet transform image fusion contrast spatial frequency sparse representation |
| title | Multi-Focus Image Fusion for Full-Field Optical Angiography |
| title_full | Multi-Focus Image Fusion for Full-Field Optical Angiography |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Focus Image Fusion for Full-Field Optical Angiography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Focus Image Fusion for Full-Field Optical Angiography |
| title_short | Multi-Focus Image Fusion for Full-Field Optical Angiography |
| title_sort | multi focus image fusion for full field optical angiography |
| topic | full-field optical angiography nonsubsampled contourlet transform image fusion contrast spatial frequency sparse representation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/6/951 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuchanjie multifocusimagefusionforfullfieldopticalangiography AT xiaosongli multifocusimagefusionforfullfieldopticalangiography AT mingyiwang multifocusimagefusionforfullfieldopticalangiography AT haishutan multifocusimagefusionforfullfieldopticalangiography |