<i>Panax quinquefolius</i> (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions
<i>Panax quinquefolius</i> (North American ginseng, NAG) is a popular medicinal plant used widely in traditional medicine. NAG products are currently available in various forms such as roots, extracts, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, energy drinks, etc. NAG polysaccharides are recog...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/24/5854 |
| _version_ | 1797545044842905600 |
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| author | Rajarshi Ghosh Daniel L. Bryant Anthony L. Farone |
| author_facet | Rajarshi Ghosh Daniel L. Bryant Anthony L. Farone |
| author_sort | Rajarshi Ghosh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Panax quinquefolius</i> (North American ginseng, NAG) is a popular medicinal plant used widely in traditional medicine. NAG products are currently available in various forms such as roots, extracts, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, energy drinks, etc. NAG polysaccharides are recognized as one of the major bioactive ingredients. However, most NAG reviews are focused on ginsenosides with little information on polysaccharides. NAG polysaccharides have demonstrated a therapeutic activity in numerous studies, in which many of the bioactivities involve regulation of the immune response. The purpose of this review is to summarize the structural features and the immunomodulatory properties of crude, partially purified, and pure polysaccharides isolated from NAG. Receptors of the innate immune system that potentially bind to NAG polysaccharides and the respective signal transduction pathways initiated by these compounds are discussed. Major challenges, recent innovations, and future directions in NAG polysaccharide research are also summarized. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:10:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bec99e222320484f8b686ef12f7c76c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:10:03Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-bec99e222320484f8b686ef12f7c76c22023-11-21T00:19:24ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-12-012524585410.3390/molecules25245854<i>Panax quinquefolius</i> (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future DirectionsRajarshi Ghosh0Daniel L. Bryant1Anthony L. Farone2Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USADepartment of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USADepartment of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA<i>Panax quinquefolius</i> (North American ginseng, NAG) is a popular medicinal plant used widely in traditional medicine. NAG products are currently available in various forms such as roots, extracts, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, energy drinks, etc. NAG polysaccharides are recognized as one of the major bioactive ingredients. However, most NAG reviews are focused on ginsenosides with little information on polysaccharides. NAG polysaccharides have demonstrated a therapeutic activity in numerous studies, in which many of the bioactivities involve regulation of the immune response. The purpose of this review is to summarize the structural features and the immunomodulatory properties of crude, partially purified, and pure polysaccharides isolated from NAG. Receptors of the innate immune system that potentially bind to NAG polysaccharides and the respective signal transduction pathways initiated by these compounds are discussed. Major challenges, recent innovations, and future directions in NAG polysaccharide research are also summarized.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/24/5854ginsengplant polysaccharidesimmunostimulantmechanism of action |
| spellingShingle | Rajarshi Ghosh Daniel L. Bryant Anthony L. Farone <i>Panax quinquefolius</i> (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions Molecules ginseng plant polysaccharides immunostimulant mechanism of action |
| title | <i>Panax quinquefolius</i> (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions |
| title_full | <i>Panax quinquefolius</i> (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions |
| title_fullStr | <i>Panax quinquefolius</i> (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Panax quinquefolius</i> (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions |
| title_short | <i>Panax quinquefolius</i> (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions |
| title_sort | i panax quinquefolius i north american ginseng polysaccharides as immunomodulators current research status and future directions |
| topic | ginseng plant polysaccharides immunostimulant mechanism of action |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/24/5854 |
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