Land Use Change and Climate Variation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment from 2000 to 2015 Based on the Google Earth Engine
Possible environmental change and ecosystem degradation have received increasing attention since the construction of Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment (TGRC) in China. The advanced Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-based platform and the large number of Geosciences and Remote Sensing datasets archived...
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2118 |
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| author | Binfei Hao Mingguo Ma Shiwei Li Qiuping Li Dalei Hao Jing Huang Zhongxi Ge Hong Yang Xujun Han |
| author_facet | Binfei Hao Mingguo Ma Shiwei Li Qiuping Li Dalei Hao Jing Huang Zhongxi Ge Hong Yang Xujun Han |
| author_sort | Binfei Hao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Possible environmental change and ecosystem degradation have received increasing attention since the construction of Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment (TGRC) in China. The advanced Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-based platform and the large number of Geosciences and Remote Sensing datasets archived in GEE were used to analyze the land use and land cover change (LULCC) and climate variation in TGRC. GlobeLand30 data were used to evaluate the spatial land dynamics from 2000 to 2010 and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images were applied for land use in 2015. The interannual variations in the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index (SINDVI) were estimated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. The climate factors including air temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration were investigated based on the data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). The results indicated that from 2000 to 2015, the cultivated land and grassland decreased by 2.05% and 6.02%, while the forest, wetland, artificial surface, shrub land and waterbody increased by 3.64%, 0.94%, 0.87%, 1.17% and 1.45%, respectively. The SINDVI increased by 3.209 in the period of 2000-2015, while the LST decreased by 0.253 °C from 2001 to 2015. The LST showed an increasing trend primarily in urbanized area, with a decreasing trend mainly in forest area. In particular, Chongqing City had the highest LST during the research period. A marked decrease in SINDVI occurred primarily in urbanized areas. Good vegetation areas were primarily located in the eastern part of the TGRC, such as Wuxi County, Wushan County, and Xingshan County. During the 2000−2015 period, the air temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration rose by 0.0678 °C/a, 1.0844 mm/a, and 0.4105 mm/a, respectively. The climate change in the TGRC was influenced by LULCC, but the effect was limited. What is more, the climate change was affected by regional climate change in Southwest China. Marked changes in land use have occurred in the TGRC, and they have resulted in changes in the LST and SINDVI. There was a significantly negative relationship between LST and SINDVI in most parts of the TGRC, especially in expanding urban areas and growing forest areas. Our study highlighted the importance of environmental protection, particularly proper management of land use, for sustainable development in the catchment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:40:34Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-bed5622a57a4459cbdf331c8361baff72022-12-22T02:57:45ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-05-01199211810.3390/s19092118s19092118Land Use Change and Climate Variation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment from 2000 to 2015 Based on the Google Earth EngineBinfei Hao0Mingguo Ma1Shiwei Li2Qiuping Li3Dalei Hao4Jing Huang5Zhongxi Ge6Hong Yang7Xujun Han8Research Base of Karst Eco-Environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing, Ministry of Nature Resources, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaResearch Base of Karst Eco-Environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing, Ministry of Nature Resources, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaShang Zheng (Beijing) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100086, ChinaResearch Base of Karst Eco-Environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing, Ministry of Nature Resources, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaResearch Base of Karst Eco-Environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing, Ministry of Nature Resources, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaResearch Base of Karst Eco-Environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing, Ministry of Nature Resources, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaResearch Base of Karst Eco-Environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing, Ministry of Nature Resources, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaResearch Base of Karst Eco-Environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing, Ministry of Nature Resources, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaPossible environmental change and ecosystem degradation have received increasing attention since the construction of Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment (TGRC) in China. The advanced Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-based platform and the large number of Geosciences and Remote Sensing datasets archived in GEE were used to analyze the land use and land cover change (LULCC) and climate variation in TGRC. GlobeLand30 data were used to evaluate the spatial land dynamics from 2000 to 2010 and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images were applied for land use in 2015. The interannual variations in the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index (SINDVI) were estimated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. The climate factors including air temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration were investigated based on the data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). The results indicated that from 2000 to 2015, the cultivated land and grassland decreased by 2.05% and 6.02%, while the forest, wetland, artificial surface, shrub land and waterbody increased by 3.64%, 0.94%, 0.87%, 1.17% and 1.45%, respectively. The SINDVI increased by 3.209 in the period of 2000-2015, while the LST decreased by 0.253 °C from 2001 to 2015. The LST showed an increasing trend primarily in urbanized area, with a decreasing trend mainly in forest area. In particular, Chongqing City had the highest LST during the research period. A marked decrease in SINDVI occurred primarily in urbanized areas. Good vegetation areas were primarily located in the eastern part of the TGRC, such as Wuxi County, Wushan County, and Xingshan County. During the 2000−2015 period, the air temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration rose by 0.0678 °C/a, 1.0844 mm/a, and 0.4105 mm/a, respectively. The climate change in the TGRC was influenced by LULCC, but the effect was limited. What is more, the climate change was affected by regional climate change in Southwest China. Marked changes in land use have occurred in the TGRC, and they have resulted in changes in the LST and SINDVI. There was a significantly negative relationship between LST and SINDVI in most parts of the TGRC, especially in expanding urban areas and growing forest areas. Our study highlighted the importance of environmental protection, particularly proper management of land use, for sustainable development in the catchment.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2118Land use and land cover change (LULCC)land surface temperature (LST)seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index (SINDVI)Climate changeThree Gorges Reservoir Catchment (TGRC)Google Earth Engine |
| spellingShingle | Binfei Hao Mingguo Ma Shiwei Li Qiuping Li Dalei Hao Jing Huang Zhongxi Ge Hong Yang Xujun Han Land Use Change and Climate Variation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment from 2000 to 2015 Based on the Google Earth Engine Sensors Land use and land cover change (LULCC) land surface temperature (LST) seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index (SINDVI) Climate change Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment (TGRC) Google Earth Engine |
| title | Land Use Change and Climate Variation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment from 2000 to 2015 Based on the Google Earth Engine |
| title_full | Land Use Change and Climate Variation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment from 2000 to 2015 Based on the Google Earth Engine |
| title_fullStr | Land Use Change and Climate Variation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment from 2000 to 2015 Based on the Google Earth Engine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Land Use Change and Climate Variation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment from 2000 to 2015 Based on the Google Earth Engine |
| title_short | Land Use Change and Climate Variation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment from 2000 to 2015 Based on the Google Earth Engine |
| title_sort | land use change and climate variation in the three gorges reservoir catchment from 2000 to 2015 based on the google earth engine |
| topic | Land use and land cover change (LULCC) land surface temperature (LST) seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index (SINDVI) Climate change Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment (TGRC) Google Earth Engine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2118 |
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