Overview of Recent Advances in Immobilisation Techniques for Phenol Oxidases in Solution
Over the past two decades, phenol oxidases, particularly laccases and tyrosinases, have been extensively used for the removal of numerous pollutants in wastewaters due to their broad substrate specificity and their ability to use readily accessible molecular oxygen as the essential cofactor. As for...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/5/467 |
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| author | Thandanani Ndlovu Sidy Ba Soraya P Malinga |
| author_facet | Thandanani Ndlovu Sidy Ba Soraya P Malinga |
| author_sort | Thandanani Ndlovu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the past two decades, phenol oxidases, particularly laccases and tyrosinases, have been extensively used for the removal of numerous pollutants in wastewaters due to their broad substrate specificity and their ability to use readily accessible molecular oxygen as the essential cofactor. As for other enzymes, immobilisation of laccases and tyrosinases has been shown to improve the performance and efficiency of the biocatalysts in solution. Several reviews have addressed the enzyme immobilisation techniques and the application of phenol oxidases to decontaminate wastewaters. This paper offers an overview of the recent publications, mainly from 2012 onwards, on the various immobilisation techniques applied to laccases and tyrosinases to induce and/or increase the performance of the biocatalysts. In this paper, the emphasis is on the efficiencies achieved, in terms of structural modifications, stability and resistance to extreme conditions (pH, temperature, inhibitors, etc.), reactivity, reusability, and broad substrate specificity, particularly for application in bioremediation processes. The advantages and disadvantages of several enzyme immobilisation techniques are also discussed. The relevance and effectiveness of the immobilisation techniques with respect to wastewater decontamination are critically assessed. A perspective on the future directions for large-scale application of the phenol oxidases in immobilised forms is provided. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:14:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bed84094077543cc8bacbcb0e84d92fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:14:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-bed84094077543cc8bacbcb0e84d92fd2023-11-19T22:40:59ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442020-04-0110546710.3390/catal10050467Overview of Recent Advances in Immobilisation Techniques for Phenol Oxidases in SolutionThandanani Ndlovu0Sidy Ba1Soraya P Malinga2Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South AfricaDepartment of Rural Engineering and Water & Forest, Institut Polytechnique Rural de Formation et de Recherche Appliquée de Katibougou, Koulikoro BP 06, MaliDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South AfricaOver the past two decades, phenol oxidases, particularly laccases and tyrosinases, have been extensively used for the removal of numerous pollutants in wastewaters due to their broad substrate specificity and their ability to use readily accessible molecular oxygen as the essential cofactor. As for other enzymes, immobilisation of laccases and tyrosinases has been shown to improve the performance and efficiency of the biocatalysts in solution. Several reviews have addressed the enzyme immobilisation techniques and the application of phenol oxidases to decontaminate wastewaters. This paper offers an overview of the recent publications, mainly from 2012 onwards, on the various immobilisation techniques applied to laccases and tyrosinases to induce and/or increase the performance of the biocatalysts. In this paper, the emphasis is on the efficiencies achieved, in terms of structural modifications, stability and resistance to extreme conditions (pH, temperature, inhibitors, etc.), reactivity, reusability, and broad substrate specificity, particularly for application in bioremediation processes. The advantages and disadvantages of several enzyme immobilisation techniques are also discussed. The relevance and effectiveness of the immobilisation techniques with respect to wastewater decontamination are critically assessed. A perspective on the future directions for large-scale application of the phenol oxidases in immobilised forms is provided.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/5/467immobilisation techniquesinhibitorslaccasesstabilitytyrosinaseswastewater decontamination |
| spellingShingle | Thandanani Ndlovu Sidy Ba Soraya P Malinga Overview of Recent Advances in Immobilisation Techniques for Phenol Oxidases in Solution Catalysts immobilisation techniques inhibitors laccases stability tyrosinases wastewater decontamination |
| title | Overview of Recent Advances in Immobilisation Techniques for Phenol Oxidases in Solution |
| title_full | Overview of Recent Advances in Immobilisation Techniques for Phenol Oxidases in Solution |
| title_fullStr | Overview of Recent Advances in Immobilisation Techniques for Phenol Oxidases in Solution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overview of Recent Advances in Immobilisation Techniques for Phenol Oxidases in Solution |
| title_short | Overview of Recent Advances in Immobilisation Techniques for Phenol Oxidases in Solution |
| title_sort | overview of recent advances in immobilisation techniques for phenol oxidases in solution |
| topic | immobilisation techniques inhibitors laccases stability tyrosinases wastewater decontamination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/5/467 |
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