Impact of Sodium Silicate Supplemented, IR-Treated Panax Ginseng on Extraction Optimization for Enhanced Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity: A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach
Ginseng has long been widely used for its therapeutic potential. In our current study, we investigated the impact of abiotic stress induced by infrared (IR) radiations and sodium silicate on the upregulation of antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase levels, as well as the total phenolic and total flavonoid...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/1/54 |
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| author | Seda Nur Kabadayı Nooruddin Bin Sadiq Muhammad Hamayun Nam-Il Park Ho-Youn Kim |
| author_facet | Seda Nur Kabadayı Nooruddin Bin Sadiq Muhammad Hamayun Nam-Il Park Ho-Youn Kim |
| author_sort | Seda Nur Kabadayı |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ginseng has long been widely used for its therapeutic potential. In our current study, we investigated the impact of abiotic stress induced by infrared (IR) radiations and sodium silicate on the upregulation of antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase levels, as well as the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the Korean ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) variety Yeonpoong. The RSM-based design was used to optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction time (1–3 h) and temperature (40–60 °C) for better anti-tyrosinase activity and improved antioxidant potential. The optimal extraction results were obtained with a one-hour extraction time, at a temperature of 40 °C, and with a 1.0 mM sodium silicate treatment. We recorded maximum anti-tyrosinase (53.69%) and antioxidant (40.39%) activities when RSM conditions were kept at 875.2 mg GAE/100 g TPC, and 3219.58 mg catechin/100 g. When 1.0 mM sodium silicate was added to the media and extracted at 40 °C for 1 h, the highest total ginsenoside content (368.09 mg/g) was recorded, with variations in individual ginsenosides. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rd, and F2 were significantly affected by extraction temperature, while Rb2 and Rc were influenced by the sodium silicate concentration. Moreover, ginsenoside F2 increased with the sodium silicate treatment, while the Rg3-S content decreased. Interestingly, higher temperatures favored greater ginsenoside diversity while sodium silicate impacted PPD-type ginsenosides. It was observed that the actual experimental values closely matched the predicted values, and this agreement was statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Our findings suggest that the application of IR irradiation in hydroponic systems can help to improve the quality of ginseng sprouts when supplemented with sodium silicate in hydroponic media. Optimized extraction conditions using ultrasonication can be helpful in improving antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:07:42Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:07:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-bed8568b37434982b4010c8f5145801f2024-01-26T14:40:49ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212023-12-011315410.3390/antiox13010054Impact of Sodium Silicate Supplemented, IR-Treated Panax Ginseng on Extraction Optimization for Enhanced Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity: A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) ApproachSeda Nur Kabadayı0Nooruddin Bin Sadiq1Muhammad Hamayun2Nam-Il Park3Ho-Youn Kim4Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of KoreaSmart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of KoreaSmart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of KoreaGinseng has long been widely used for its therapeutic potential. In our current study, we investigated the impact of abiotic stress induced by infrared (IR) radiations and sodium silicate on the upregulation of antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase levels, as well as the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the Korean ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) variety Yeonpoong. The RSM-based design was used to optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction time (1–3 h) and temperature (40–60 °C) for better anti-tyrosinase activity and improved antioxidant potential. The optimal extraction results were obtained with a one-hour extraction time, at a temperature of 40 °C, and with a 1.0 mM sodium silicate treatment. We recorded maximum anti-tyrosinase (53.69%) and antioxidant (40.39%) activities when RSM conditions were kept at 875.2 mg GAE/100 g TPC, and 3219.58 mg catechin/100 g. When 1.0 mM sodium silicate was added to the media and extracted at 40 °C for 1 h, the highest total ginsenoside content (368.09 mg/g) was recorded, with variations in individual ginsenosides. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rd, and F2 were significantly affected by extraction temperature, while Rb2 and Rc were influenced by the sodium silicate concentration. Moreover, ginsenoside F2 increased with the sodium silicate treatment, while the Rg3-S content decreased. Interestingly, higher temperatures favored greater ginsenoside diversity while sodium silicate impacted PPD-type ginsenosides. It was observed that the actual experimental values closely matched the predicted values, and this agreement was statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Our findings suggest that the application of IR irradiation in hydroponic systems can help to improve the quality of ginseng sprouts when supplemented with sodium silicate in hydroponic media. Optimized extraction conditions using ultrasonication can be helpful in improving antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/1/54anti-tyrosinaseantioxidantresponse surface methodology<i>Panax ginseng</i>hydroponicsodium silicate |
| spellingShingle | Seda Nur Kabadayı Nooruddin Bin Sadiq Muhammad Hamayun Nam-Il Park Ho-Youn Kim Impact of Sodium Silicate Supplemented, IR-Treated Panax Ginseng on Extraction Optimization for Enhanced Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity: A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach Antioxidants anti-tyrosinase antioxidant response surface methodology <i>Panax ginseng</i> hydroponic sodium silicate |
| title | Impact of Sodium Silicate Supplemented, IR-Treated Panax Ginseng on Extraction Optimization for Enhanced Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity: A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach |
| title_full | Impact of Sodium Silicate Supplemented, IR-Treated Panax Ginseng on Extraction Optimization for Enhanced Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity: A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Sodium Silicate Supplemented, IR-Treated Panax Ginseng on Extraction Optimization for Enhanced Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity: A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Sodium Silicate Supplemented, IR-Treated Panax Ginseng on Extraction Optimization for Enhanced Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity: A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach |
| title_short | Impact of Sodium Silicate Supplemented, IR-Treated Panax Ginseng on Extraction Optimization for Enhanced Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity: A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach |
| title_sort | impact of sodium silicate supplemented ir treated panax ginseng on extraction optimization for enhanced anti tyrosinase and antioxidant activity a response surface methodology rsm approach |
| topic | anti-tyrosinase antioxidant response surface methodology <i>Panax ginseng</i> hydroponic sodium silicate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/1/54 |
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