Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal Fusion
Whitlockite (WH) is the second most abundant inorganic component of human bone, accounting for approximately 25% of bone tissue. This study investigated the role of WH in bone remodeling and formation in a mouse spinal fusion model. Specifically, morphology and composition analysis, tests of porosit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/12875 |
| _version_ | 1797507732189741056 |
|---|---|
| author | Su Yeon Kwon Jung Hee Shim Yu Ha Kim Chang Su Lim Seong Bae An Inbo Han |
| author_facet | Su Yeon Kwon Jung Hee Shim Yu Ha Kim Chang Su Lim Seong Bae An Inbo Han |
| author_sort | Su Yeon Kwon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Whitlockite (WH) is the second most abundant inorganic component of human bone, accounting for approximately 25% of bone tissue. This study investigated the role of WH in bone remodeling and formation in a mouse spinal fusion model. Specifically, morphology and composition analysis, tests of porosity and surface area, thermogravimetric analysis, an ion-release test, and a cell viability test were conducted to analyze the properties of bone substitutes. The MagOss group received WH, Group A received 100% beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), Group B received 100% hydroxyapatite (HAp), Group C received 30% HAp/70% β-TCP, and Group D received 60% HAp/40% β-TCP (n = 10 each). All mice were sacrificed 6 weeks after implantation, and micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Masson trichome (MT) staining and immunohistochemistry were performed. The MagOss group showed more homogeneous and smaller grains, and nanopores (<500 nm) were found in only the MagOss group. On micro-CT, the MagOss group showed larger fusion mass and better graft incorporation into the decorticate mouse spine than other groups. In the in vivo experiment with HE staining, the MagOss group showed the highest new bone area (mean: decortication group, 9.50%; A, 15.08%; B, 15.70%; C, 14.76%; D, 14.70%; MagOss, 22.69%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). In MT staining, the MagOss group demonstrated the highest new bone area (mean: decortication group, 15.62%; A, 21.41%; B, 22.86%; C, 23.07%; D, 22.47%; MagOss, 26.29%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). In an immunohistochemical analysis for osteocalcin, osteopontin, and CD31, the MagOss group showed a higher positive area than other groups. WH showed comparable bone conductivity to HAp and β-TCP and increased new bone formation. WH is likely to be used as an improved bone substitute with better bone conductivity than HAp and β-TCP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:53:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bee681ef2d2741a68f5d3eb19b4d4c4e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:53:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bee681ef2d2741a68f5d3eb19b4d4c4e2023-11-23T02:29:33ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-11-0122231287510.3390/ijms222312875Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal FusionSu Yeon Kwon0Jung Hee Shim1Yu Ha Kim2Chang Su Lim3Seong Bae An4Inbo Han5Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaR&D Center, OSFIRM Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13620, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaR&D Center, OSFIRM Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13620, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaWhitlockite (WH) is the second most abundant inorganic component of human bone, accounting for approximately 25% of bone tissue. This study investigated the role of WH in bone remodeling and formation in a mouse spinal fusion model. Specifically, morphology and composition analysis, tests of porosity and surface area, thermogravimetric analysis, an ion-release test, and a cell viability test were conducted to analyze the properties of bone substitutes. The MagOss group received WH, Group A received 100% beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), Group B received 100% hydroxyapatite (HAp), Group C received 30% HAp/70% β-TCP, and Group D received 60% HAp/40% β-TCP (n = 10 each). All mice were sacrificed 6 weeks after implantation, and micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Masson trichome (MT) staining and immunohistochemistry were performed. The MagOss group showed more homogeneous and smaller grains, and nanopores (<500 nm) were found in only the MagOss group. On micro-CT, the MagOss group showed larger fusion mass and better graft incorporation into the decorticate mouse spine than other groups. In the in vivo experiment with HE staining, the MagOss group showed the highest new bone area (mean: decortication group, 9.50%; A, 15.08%; B, 15.70%; C, 14.76%; D, 14.70%; MagOss, 22.69%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). In MT staining, the MagOss group demonstrated the highest new bone area (mean: decortication group, 15.62%; A, 21.41%; B, 22.86%; C, 23.07%; D, 22.47%; MagOss, 26.29%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). In an immunohistochemical analysis for osteocalcin, osteopontin, and CD31, the MagOss group showed a higher positive area than other groups. WH showed comparable bone conductivity to HAp and β-TCP and increased new bone formation. WH is likely to be used as an improved bone substitute with better bone conductivity than HAp and β-TCP.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/12875whitlockitehydroxyapatitebeta-tricalcium phosphatecalcium phosphate ceramicbone substitute |
| spellingShingle | Su Yeon Kwon Jung Hee Shim Yu Ha Kim Chang Su Lim Seong Bae An Inbo Han Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal Fusion International Journal of Molecular Sciences whitlockite hydroxyapatite beta-tricalcium phosphate calcium phosphate ceramic bone substitute |
| title | Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal Fusion |
| title_full | Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal Fusion |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal Fusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal Fusion |
| title_short | Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal Fusion |
| title_sort | efficacy for whitlockite for augmenting spinal fusion |
| topic | whitlockite hydroxyapatite beta-tricalcium phosphate calcium phosphate ceramic bone substitute |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/12875 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT suyeonkwon efficacyforwhitlockiteforaugmentingspinalfusion AT jungheeshim efficacyforwhitlockiteforaugmentingspinalfusion AT yuhakim efficacyforwhitlockiteforaugmentingspinalfusion AT changsulim efficacyforwhitlockiteforaugmentingspinalfusion AT seongbaean efficacyforwhitlockiteforaugmentingspinalfusion AT inbohan efficacyforwhitlockiteforaugmentingspinalfusion |