Cysteine Cathepsins and Their Extracellular Roles: Shaping the Microenvironment
For a long time, cysteine cathepsins were considered primarily as proteases crucial for nonspecific bulk proteolysis in the endolysosomal system. However, this view has dramatically changed, and cathepsins are now considered key players in many important physiological processes, including in disease...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/3/264 |
| _version_ | 1827836678507593728 |
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| author | Eva Vidak Urban Javoršek Matej Vizovišek Boris Turk |
| author_facet | Eva Vidak Urban Javoršek Matej Vizovišek Boris Turk |
| author_sort | Eva Vidak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For a long time, cysteine cathepsins were considered primarily as proteases crucial for nonspecific bulk proteolysis in the endolysosomal system. However, this view has dramatically changed, and cathepsins are now considered key players in many important physiological processes, including in diseases like cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and various inflammatory diseases. Cathepsins are emerging as important players in the extracellular space, and the paradigm is shifting from the degrading enzymes to the enzymes that can also specifically modify extracellular proteins. In pathological conditions, the activity of cathepsins is often dysregulated, resulting in their overexpression and secretion into the extracellular space. This is typically observed in cancer and inflammation, and cathepsins are therefore considered valuable diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In particular, the investigation of limited proteolysis by cathepsins in the extracellular space is opening numerous possibilities for future break-through discoveries. In this review, we highlight the most important findings that establish cysteine cathepsins as important players in the extracellular space and discuss their roles that reach beyond processing and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In addition, we discuss the recent developments in cathepsin research and the new possibilities that are opening in translational medicine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T06:31:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-beefcf65dda94ff5b84f7abdc6077c6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T06:31:23Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-beefcf65dda94ff5b84f7abdc6077c6e2023-09-03T01:37:57ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092019-03-018326410.3390/cells8030264cells8030264Cysteine Cathepsins and Their Extracellular Roles: Shaping the MicroenvironmentEva Vidak0Urban Javoršek1Matej Vizovišek2Boris Turk3Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaJozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaJozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaJozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFor a long time, cysteine cathepsins were considered primarily as proteases crucial for nonspecific bulk proteolysis in the endolysosomal system. However, this view has dramatically changed, and cathepsins are now considered key players in many important physiological processes, including in diseases like cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and various inflammatory diseases. Cathepsins are emerging as important players in the extracellular space, and the paradigm is shifting from the degrading enzymes to the enzymes that can also specifically modify extracellular proteins. In pathological conditions, the activity of cathepsins is often dysregulated, resulting in their overexpression and secretion into the extracellular space. This is typically observed in cancer and inflammation, and cathepsins are therefore considered valuable diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In particular, the investigation of limited proteolysis by cathepsins in the extracellular space is opening numerous possibilities for future break-through discoveries. In this review, we highlight the most important findings that establish cysteine cathepsins as important players in the extracellular space and discuss their roles that reach beyond processing and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In addition, we discuss the recent developments in cathepsin research and the new possibilities that are opening in translational medicine.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/3/264cathepsininflammation associated diseasecancerosteoporosisextracellular matrix |
| spellingShingle | Eva Vidak Urban Javoršek Matej Vizovišek Boris Turk Cysteine Cathepsins and Their Extracellular Roles: Shaping the Microenvironment Cells cathepsin inflammation associated disease cancer osteoporosis extracellular matrix |
| title | Cysteine Cathepsins and Their Extracellular Roles: Shaping the Microenvironment |
| title_full | Cysteine Cathepsins and Their Extracellular Roles: Shaping the Microenvironment |
| title_fullStr | Cysteine Cathepsins and Their Extracellular Roles: Shaping the Microenvironment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cysteine Cathepsins and Their Extracellular Roles: Shaping the Microenvironment |
| title_short | Cysteine Cathepsins and Their Extracellular Roles: Shaping the Microenvironment |
| title_sort | cysteine cathepsins and their extracellular roles shaping the microenvironment |
| topic | cathepsin inflammation associated disease cancer osteoporosis extracellular matrix |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/3/264 |
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