Accelerating Urban Heating Under Land-Cover and Climate Change Scenarios in Indonesia: Application of the Universal Thermal Climate Index
Climate change causing an increase of frequency and magnitude of heat waves has a huge impact on the urban population worldwide. In Indonesia, the Southeast Asian country in the tropical climate zone, the increasing heat wave duration due to climate change will be also magnified by projected rapid u...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Built Environment |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2021.622382/full |
| _version_ | 1824019400493105152 |
|---|---|
| author | Martiwi Diah Setiawati Martiwi Diah Setiawati Marcin Pawel Jarzebski Martin Gomez-Garcia Kensuke Fukushi Kensuke Fukushi |
| author_facet | Martiwi Diah Setiawati Martiwi Diah Setiawati Marcin Pawel Jarzebski Martin Gomez-Garcia Kensuke Fukushi Kensuke Fukushi |
| author_sort | Martiwi Diah Setiawati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate change causing an increase of frequency and magnitude of heat waves has a huge impact on the urban population worldwide. In Indonesia, the Southeast Asian country in the tropical climate zone, the increasing heat wave duration due to climate change will be also magnified by projected rapid urbanization. Therefore, not only climate change mitigation measures but also adaptation solutions to more frequent extreme weather events are necessary. Adaptation is essential at local levels. The projected increase of the heat wave duration will trigger greater health-related risks. It will also drive higher energy demands, particularly in urban areas, for cooling. New smart solutions for growing urbanization for reducing urban heat island phenomenon are critical, but in order to identify them, analyzing the changing magnitude and spatial distribution of urban heat is essential. We projected the current and future spatial variability of heat stress index in three cities in Indonesia, namely, Medan, Surabaya, and Denpasar, under climate change and land-cover change scenarios, and quantified it with the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for two periods, baseline (1981–2005) and future (2018–2042). Our results demonstrated that currently the higher level of the UTCI was identified in the urban centers of all three cities, indicating the contribution of urban heat island phenomenon to the higher UTCI. Under climate change scenarios, all three cities will experience increase of the heat, whereas applying the land-cover scenario demonstrated that in only Medan and Denpasar, the UTCI is likely to experience a higher increase by 3.1°C; however, in Surabaya, the UTCI will experience 0.84°C decrease in the period 2018–2042 due to urban greening. This study advanced the UTCI methodology by demonstrating its applicability for urban heat warning systems and for monitoring of the urban green cooling effect, as well as it provides a base for adaptation measures’ planning. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T01:18:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bef0c46da5154f858fc598a6d5ae207e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-3362 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T01:18:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Built Environment |
| spelling | doaj.art-bef0c46da5154f858fc598a6d5ae207e2022-12-21T20:42:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Built Environment2297-33622021-05-01710.3389/fbuil.2021.622382622382Accelerating Urban Heating Under Land-Cover and Climate Change Scenarios in Indonesia: Application of the Universal Thermal Climate IndexMartiwi Diah Setiawati0Martiwi Diah Setiawati1Marcin Pawel Jarzebski2Martin Gomez-Garcia3Kensuke Fukushi4Kensuke Fukushi5Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, JapanResearch Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Ancol Timur, IndonesiaTokyo College, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, JapanNippon Koei R&D Center, Climate Change and Sustainable Development Team, Tsukuba, JapanInstitute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, JapanUnited Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, Shibuya-ku, JapanClimate change causing an increase of frequency and magnitude of heat waves has a huge impact on the urban population worldwide. In Indonesia, the Southeast Asian country in the tropical climate zone, the increasing heat wave duration due to climate change will be also magnified by projected rapid urbanization. Therefore, not only climate change mitigation measures but also adaptation solutions to more frequent extreme weather events are necessary. Adaptation is essential at local levels. The projected increase of the heat wave duration will trigger greater health-related risks. It will also drive higher energy demands, particularly in urban areas, for cooling. New smart solutions for growing urbanization for reducing urban heat island phenomenon are critical, but in order to identify them, analyzing the changing magnitude and spatial distribution of urban heat is essential. We projected the current and future spatial variability of heat stress index in three cities in Indonesia, namely, Medan, Surabaya, and Denpasar, under climate change and land-cover change scenarios, and quantified it with the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for two periods, baseline (1981–2005) and future (2018–2042). Our results demonstrated that currently the higher level of the UTCI was identified in the urban centers of all three cities, indicating the contribution of urban heat island phenomenon to the higher UTCI. Under climate change scenarios, all three cities will experience increase of the heat, whereas applying the land-cover scenario demonstrated that in only Medan and Denpasar, the UTCI is likely to experience a higher increase by 3.1°C; however, in Surabaya, the UTCI will experience 0.84°C decrease in the period 2018–2042 due to urban greening. This study advanced the UTCI methodology by demonstrating its applicability for urban heat warning systems and for monitoring of the urban green cooling effect, as well as it provides a base for adaptation measures’ planning.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2021.622382/fullurban heatingUTCIclimate change scenarioland cover changeclimate change adaptationurban green |
| spellingShingle | Martiwi Diah Setiawati Martiwi Diah Setiawati Marcin Pawel Jarzebski Martin Gomez-Garcia Kensuke Fukushi Kensuke Fukushi Accelerating Urban Heating Under Land-Cover and Climate Change Scenarios in Indonesia: Application of the Universal Thermal Climate Index Frontiers in Built Environment urban heating UTCI climate change scenario land cover change climate change adaptation urban green |
| title | Accelerating Urban Heating Under Land-Cover and Climate Change Scenarios in Indonesia: Application of the Universal Thermal Climate Index |
| title_full | Accelerating Urban Heating Under Land-Cover and Climate Change Scenarios in Indonesia: Application of the Universal Thermal Climate Index |
| title_fullStr | Accelerating Urban Heating Under Land-Cover and Climate Change Scenarios in Indonesia: Application of the Universal Thermal Climate Index |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accelerating Urban Heating Under Land-Cover and Climate Change Scenarios in Indonesia: Application of the Universal Thermal Climate Index |
| title_short | Accelerating Urban Heating Under Land-Cover and Climate Change Scenarios in Indonesia: Application of the Universal Thermal Climate Index |
| title_sort | accelerating urban heating under land cover and climate change scenarios in indonesia application of the universal thermal climate index |
| topic | urban heating UTCI climate change scenario land cover change climate change adaptation urban green |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2021.622382/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT martiwidiahsetiawati acceleratingurbanheatingunderlandcoverandclimatechangescenariosinindonesiaapplicationoftheuniversalthermalclimateindex AT martiwidiahsetiawati acceleratingurbanheatingunderlandcoverandclimatechangescenariosinindonesiaapplicationoftheuniversalthermalclimateindex AT marcinpaweljarzebski acceleratingurbanheatingunderlandcoverandclimatechangescenariosinindonesiaapplicationoftheuniversalthermalclimateindex AT martingomezgarcia acceleratingurbanheatingunderlandcoverandclimatechangescenariosinindonesiaapplicationoftheuniversalthermalclimateindex AT kensukefukushi acceleratingurbanheatingunderlandcoverandclimatechangescenariosinindonesiaapplicationoftheuniversalthermalclimateindex AT kensukefukushi acceleratingurbanheatingunderlandcoverandclimatechangescenariosinindonesiaapplicationoftheuniversalthermalclimateindex |