Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann Syndrome
The development of Gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 (GnRH) neurons is important for a functional reproduction system in vertebrates. Disruption of GnRH results in hypogonadism and if accompanied by anosmia is termed Kallmann Syndrome (KS). From their origin in the nasal placode, GnRH neurons migrate...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2019.00121/full |
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| author | Hyun-Ju Cho Yufei Shan Niteace C. Whittington Susan Wray |
| author_facet | Hyun-Ju Cho Yufei Shan Niteace C. Whittington Susan Wray |
| author_sort | Hyun-Ju Cho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of Gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 (GnRH) neurons is important for a functional reproduction system in vertebrates. Disruption of GnRH results in hypogonadism and if accompanied by anosmia is termed Kallmann Syndrome (KS). From their origin in the nasal placode, GnRH neurons migrate along the olfactory-derived vomeronasal axons to the nasal forebrain junction and then turn caudally into the developing forebrain. Although research on the origin of GnRH neurons, their migration and genes associated with KS has identified multiple factors that influence development of this system, several aspects still remain unclear. This review discusses development of the olfactory system, factors that regulate GnRH neuron formation and development of the olfactory system, migration of the GnRH neurons from the nose into the brain, and mutations in humans with KS that result from disruption of normal GnRH/olfactory systems development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:11:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf063e761fff4e80a14dcbc573923d9b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:11:46Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf063e761fff4e80a14dcbc573923d9b2022-12-21T17:58:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2019-07-01710.3389/fcell.2019.00121460793Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann SyndromeHyun-Ju ChoYufei ShanNiteace C. WhittingtonSusan WrayThe development of Gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 (GnRH) neurons is important for a functional reproduction system in vertebrates. Disruption of GnRH results in hypogonadism and if accompanied by anosmia is termed Kallmann Syndrome (KS). From their origin in the nasal placode, GnRH neurons migrate along the olfactory-derived vomeronasal axons to the nasal forebrain junction and then turn caudally into the developing forebrain. Although research on the origin of GnRH neurons, their migration and genes associated with KS has identified multiple factors that influence development of this system, several aspects still remain unclear. This review discusses development of the olfactory system, factors that regulate GnRH neuron formation and development of the olfactory system, migration of the GnRH neurons from the nose into the brain, and mutations in humans with KS that result from disruption of normal GnRH/olfactory systems development.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2019.00121/fullGnRHneurodevelopmentolfactory placodeneuronal migrationolfactory systemKallmann syndrome |
| spellingShingle | Hyun-Ju Cho Yufei Shan Niteace C. Whittington Susan Wray Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann Syndrome Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology GnRH neurodevelopment olfactory placode neuronal migration olfactory system Kallmann syndrome |
| title | Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann Syndrome |
| title_full | Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann Syndrome |
| title_fullStr | Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann Syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann Syndrome |
| title_short | Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann Syndrome |
| title_sort | nasal placode development gnrh neuronal migration and kallmann syndrome |
| topic | GnRH neurodevelopment olfactory placode neuronal migration olfactory system Kallmann syndrome |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2019.00121/full |
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