Aspergillus violaceofuscus alleviates cadmium and chromium stress in Okra through biochemical modulation.
Endophytic fungi from the Chilli were used to help okra plants exposed to cadmium (Cd) or chromium (Cr) stress. Initially, the strain Ch06 produced higher amounts of indole acetic acid (IAA) (230.5 μg/mL), sugar (130.7 μg/mL), proteins (128.2 μg/mL), phenolics (525.6 μg/mL) and flavonoids (98.4 μg/m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273908 |
| _version_ | 1797990817530380288 |
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| author | Laila Aziz Muhammad Hamayun Mamoona Rauf Amjad Iqbal Anwar Husssin Sumera Afzal Khan Maryam Shafique Muhammad Arif Ayaz Ahmad Gauhar Rehman Sajid Ali Sang Mo Kang In-Jung Lee |
| author_facet | Laila Aziz Muhammad Hamayun Mamoona Rauf Amjad Iqbal Anwar Husssin Sumera Afzal Khan Maryam Shafique Muhammad Arif Ayaz Ahmad Gauhar Rehman Sajid Ali Sang Mo Kang In-Jung Lee |
| author_sort | Laila Aziz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endophytic fungi from the Chilli were used to help okra plants exposed to cadmium (Cd) or chromium (Cr) stress. Initially, the strain Ch06 produced higher amounts of indole acetic acid (IAA) (230.5 μg/mL), sugar (130.7 μg/mL), proteins (128.2 μg/mL), phenolics (525.6 μg/mL) and flavonoids (98.4 μg/mL) in Czapek broth supplemented with Cd or Cr. The production of IAA and other metabolites in such a higher concentration suggested that Ch06 might improve plant growth under heavy metal stress. For this reason, an experiment was designed, in which biomass of Ch06 (at 2g/100g of sand) were applied to the okra plants exposed to Cd or Cr stress (at 100 or 500 μg/g). The results exhibited that Ch06 improved the total chlorophyll (36.4±0.2 SPAD), shoot length (22.6±0.2 cm), root length (9.1±0.6 cm), fresh weight (5±0.6 g), dry weight (1.25±0.01 g), sugars (151.6 μg/g), proteins (114.8 μg/g), proline (6.7 μg/g), flavonoids (37.9 μg/g), phenolics (70.7 μg/g), IAA (106.7 μg/g), catalase (0.75 enzyme units/g tissue) and ascorbic acid oxidaze (2.2 enzyme units/g tissue) of the associated okra plants. Similar observations have been recorded in Ch06 associated okra plants under Cd and Cr stress. Also, Ch06 association reduced translocation of Cd (35% and 45%) and Cr (47% and 53%) to the upper parts of the okra plants and thus reduced their toxicity. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplification of 18S rDNA (ribosomal deoxyribo nucleic acid) exhibited that the potent strain Ch06 was Aspergillus violaceofuscus. The results implied that A. violaceofuscus has the ability to promote host species growth exposed to Cd and Cr. Moreover, it helped the host plants to recover in Cd and Cr polluted soils, hence can be used as biofertilizer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:42:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf088cbde0d24ccda5d120f2eeca515f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:42:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf088cbde0d24ccda5d120f2eeca515f2022-12-22T04:34:11ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-011710e027390810.1371/journal.pone.0273908Aspergillus violaceofuscus alleviates cadmium and chromium stress in Okra through biochemical modulation.Laila AzizMuhammad HamayunMamoona RaufAmjad IqbalAnwar HusssinSumera Afzal KhanMaryam ShafiqueMuhammad ArifAyaz AhmadGauhar RehmanSajid AliSang Mo KangIn-Jung LeeEndophytic fungi from the Chilli were used to help okra plants exposed to cadmium (Cd) or chromium (Cr) stress. Initially, the strain Ch06 produced higher amounts of indole acetic acid (IAA) (230.5 μg/mL), sugar (130.7 μg/mL), proteins (128.2 μg/mL), phenolics (525.6 μg/mL) and flavonoids (98.4 μg/mL) in Czapek broth supplemented with Cd or Cr. The production of IAA and other metabolites in such a higher concentration suggested that Ch06 might improve plant growth under heavy metal stress. For this reason, an experiment was designed, in which biomass of Ch06 (at 2g/100g of sand) were applied to the okra plants exposed to Cd or Cr stress (at 100 or 500 μg/g). The results exhibited that Ch06 improved the total chlorophyll (36.4±0.2 SPAD), shoot length (22.6±0.2 cm), root length (9.1±0.6 cm), fresh weight (5±0.6 g), dry weight (1.25±0.01 g), sugars (151.6 μg/g), proteins (114.8 μg/g), proline (6.7 μg/g), flavonoids (37.9 μg/g), phenolics (70.7 μg/g), IAA (106.7 μg/g), catalase (0.75 enzyme units/g tissue) and ascorbic acid oxidaze (2.2 enzyme units/g tissue) of the associated okra plants. Similar observations have been recorded in Ch06 associated okra plants under Cd and Cr stress. Also, Ch06 association reduced translocation of Cd (35% and 45%) and Cr (47% and 53%) to the upper parts of the okra plants and thus reduced their toxicity. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplification of 18S rDNA (ribosomal deoxyribo nucleic acid) exhibited that the potent strain Ch06 was Aspergillus violaceofuscus. The results implied that A. violaceofuscus has the ability to promote host species growth exposed to Cd and Cr. Moreover, it helped the host plants to recover in Cd and Cr polluted soils, hence can be used as biofertilizer.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273908 |
| spellingShingle | Laila Aziz Muhammad Hamayun Mamoona Rauf Amjad Iqbal Anwar Husssin Sumera Afzal Khan Maryam Shafique Muhammad Arif Ayaz Ahmad Gauhar Rehman Sajid Ali Sang Mo Kang In-Jung Lee Aspergillus violaceofuscus alleviates cadmium and chromium stress in Okra through biochemical modulation. PLoS ONE |
| title | Aspergillus violaceofuscus alleviates cadmium and chromium stress in Okra through biochemical modulation. |
| title_full | Aspergillus violaceofuscus alleviates cadmium and chromium stress in Okra through biochemical modulation. |
| title_fullStr | Aspergillus violaceofuscus alleviates cadmium and chromium stress in Okra through biochemical modulation. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aspergillus violaceofuscus alleviates cadmium and chromium stress in Okra through biochemical modulation. |
| title_short | Aspergillus violaceofuscus alleviates cadmium and chromium stress in Okra through biochemical modulation. |
| title_sort | aspergillus violaceofuscus alleviates cadmium and chromium stress in okra through biochemical modulation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273908 |
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