Detection of influenza A virus in aerosols of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs in a warm environment.
The 2009 influenza pandemic, the variant H3N2v viruses in agricultural fairs and the zoonotic poultry H5N9 infections in China have highlighted the constant threat that influenza A viruses (IAV) present to people and animals. In this study we evaluated the effect of IAV vaccination on aerosol sheddi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2018-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5962048?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818924419824746496 |
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| author | Victor Neira Matt Allerson Cesar Corzo Marie Culhane Aaron Rendahl Montserrat Torremorell |
| author_facet | Victor Neira Matt Allerson Cesar Corzo Marie Culhane Aaron Rendahl Montserrat Torremorell |
| author_sort | Victor Neira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The 2009 influenza pandemic, the variant H3N2v viruses in agricultural fairs and the zoonotic poultry H5N9 infections in China have highlighted the constant threat that influenza A viruses (IAV) present to people and animals. In this study we evaluated the effect of IAV vaccination on aerosol shedding in pigs housed in warm environmental conditions. Thirty-six, three-week old weaned pigs were obtained from an IAV negative herd and were randomly allocated to one of 4 groups: 1) a homologous vaccine group, 2) a heterologous multivalent vaccine group, 3) a heterologous monovalent group and, 4) a non-vaccinated group. After vaccination pigs were challenged with the triple reassortant A/Sw/IA/00239/04 H1N1 virus. Environmental temperature and relative humidity were recorded throughout the study. Nasal swabs, oral fluids and air samples were collected daily. All samples were tested by RRT-PCR and virus isolation was attempted on positive samples. Average temperature and relative humidity throughout the study were 27°C (80°F) and 53%, respectively. A significantly higher proportion of infected pigs was detected in the non-vaccinated than in the vaccinated group. Lower levels of nasal virus shedding were found in vaccinated groups compared to non-vaccinated group and IAV was not detected in air samples of any of the vaccinated groups. In contrast, positive air samples were detected in the non-vaccinated group at 1, 2 and 3 days post infection although the overall levels were considered low most likely due to the elevated environmental temperature. In conclusion, both the decrease in shedding and the increase in environmental temperature may have contributed to the inability to detect airborne IAV in vaccinated pigs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:25:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf093e6fa1d84cb28ff1943aa1d023b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:25:02Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf093e6fa1d84cb28ff1943aa1d023b92022-12-21T19:56:44ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032018-01-01135e019760010.1371/journal.pone.0197600Detection of influenza A virus in aerosols of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs in a warm environment.Victor NeiraMatt AllersonCesar CorzoMarie CulhaneAaron RendahlMontserrat TorremorellThe 2009 influenza pandemic, the variant H3N2v viruses in agricultural fairs and the zoonotic poultry H5N9 infections in China have highlighted the constant threat that influenza A viruses (IAV) present to people and animals. In this study we evaluated the effect of IAV vaccination on aerosol shedding in pigs housed in warm environmental conditions. Thirty-six, three-week old weaned pigs were obtained from an IAV negative herd and were randomly allocated to one of 4 groups: 1) a homologous vaccine group, 2) a heterologous multivalent vaccine group, 3) a heterologous monovalent group and, 4) a non-vaccinated group. After vaccination pigs were challenged with the triple reassortant A/Sw/IA/00239/04 H1N1 virus. Environmental temperature and relative humidity were recorded throughout the study. Nasal swabs, oral fluids and air samples were collected daily. All samples were tested by RRT-PCR and virus isolation was attempted on positive samples. Average temperature and relative humidity throughout the study were 27°C (80°F) and 53%, respectively. A significantly higher proportion of infected pigs was detected in the non-vaccinated than in the vaccinated group. Lower levels of nasal virus shedding were found in vaccinated groups compared to non-vaccinated group and IAV was not detected in air samples of any of the vaccinated groups. In contrast, positive air samples were detected in the non-vaccinated group at 1, 2 and 3 days post infection although the overall levels were considered low most likely due to the elevated environmental temperature. In conclusion, both the decrease in shedding and the increase in environmental temperature may have contributed to the inability to detect airborne IAV in vaccinated pigs.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5962048?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Victor Neira Matt Allerson Cesar Corzo Marie Culhane Aaron Rendahl Montserrat Torremorell Detection of influenza A virus in aerosols of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs in a warm environment. PLoS ONE |
| title | Detection of influenza A virus in aerosols of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs in a warm environment. |
| title_full | Detection of influenza A virus in aerosols of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs in a warm environment. |
| title_fullStr | Detection of influenza A virus in aerosols of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs in a warm environment. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of influenza A virus in aerosols of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs in a warm environment. |
| title_short | Detection of influenza A virus in aerosols of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs in a warm environment. |
| title_sort | detection of influenza a virus in aerosols of vaccinated and non vaccinated pigs in a warm environment |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5962048?pdf=render |
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