Diversity and functional prediction of fungal communities in different segments of mongolian horse gastrointestinal tracts
Abstract Background Anaerobic fungi are effective fibre-degrading microorganisms in the digestive tract of horses. However, our understanding of their diversity and community structure is limited, especially in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Results For the first time, high-throughpu...
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BMC
2023-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-03001-w |
| _version_ | 1797577770748870656 |
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| author | Yiping Zhao Xiujuan Ren Haiqing Wu He Hu Chao Cheng Ming Du Yao Huang Xiaoqing Zhao Liwei Wang Liuxi Yi Jinshan Tao Yajing Li Yanan Lin Shaofeng Su Manglai Dugarjaviin |
| author_facet | Yiping Zhao Xiujuan Ren Haiqing Wu He Hu Chao Cheng Ming Du Yao Huang Xiaoqing Zhao Liwei Wang Liuxi Yi Jinshan Tao Yajing Li Yanan Lin Shaofeng Su Manglai Dugarjaviin |
| author_sort | Yiping Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Anaerobic fungi are effective fibre-degrading microorganisms in the digestive tract of horses. However, our understanding of their diversity and community structure is limited, especially in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Results For the first time, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyse and predict fungal microbial diversity in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract of Mongolian horses. The results revealed that the richness and diversity of fungi in the hindgut of Mongolian horses were much higher than those in the foregut. The foregut was dominated by Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, whereas the hindgut was dominated by Neocallimastigomycota and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, the relative abundance of many pathogenic fungi (Cryptococcus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Sarocladium) in the foregut was significantly higher than that in the posterior gut, indicating that Mongolian horses have strong disease resistance. The prediction of fungal function also showed significant differences in the fungal flora between the foregut and the hindgut. The fungi in Mongolian horses’ foreguts were mainly pathologically nutritive and contained many animal and plant pathogens, particularly in the small intestine (jejunum and ileum). This indicates that the foregut may be the most important immune site in the digestive system of Mongolian horses, which explains the high disease resistance of Mongolian horses. The number of unassigned functional groups in the posterior gut was significantly higher than that in the anterior gut, indicating that the functions of fungal groups in the posterior gut have not been fully explored, and further studies are required in the future. Conclusions Analysis of high-throughput sequencing results revealed that the fungal composition varied greatly among different gastrointestinal tract segments in Mongolian horses, whose hindgut contains many anaerobic fungi involved in plant cellulose degradation. This provides important basic data for studying fungal diversity in the digestive system of healthy horses, which can be used for the health assessment of horses and provides clues for further research on the disease resistance and digestive capacity of horses, as well as a reference for the early diagnosis of intestinal diseases and innovative treatment methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf0db461a248492590b973cb440ac6d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2180 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf0db461a248492590b973cb440ac6d12023-11-19T12:32:37ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802023-09-0123111210.1186/s12866-023-03001-wDiversity and functional prediction of fungal communities in different segments of mongolian horse gastrointestinal tractsYiping Zhao0Xiujuan Ren1Haiqing Wu2He Hu3Chao Cheng4Ming Du5Yao Huang6Xiaoqing Zhao7Liwei Wang8Liuxi Yi9Jinshan Tao10Yajing Li11Yanan Lin12Shaofeng Su13Manglai Dugarjaviin14College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Centre, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Centre, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityInner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Biotechnology Research CentreInner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Biotechnology Research CentreCollege of Life Science and Technology, Jining Normal UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Centre, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityEducation Department, Baotou Light Industry Vocational Technical CollegeInner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Biotechnology Research CentreInner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Biotechnology Research CentreCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Centre, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Centre, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Centre, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Centre, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Centre, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Centre, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background Anaerobic fungi are effective fibre-degrading microorganisms in the digestive tract of horses. However, our understanding of their diversity and community structure is limited, especially in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Results For the first time, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyse and predict fungal microbial diversity in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract of Mongolian horses. The results revealed that the richness and diversity of fungi in the hindgut of Mongolian horses were much higher than those in the foregut. The foregut was dominated by Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, whereas the hindgut was dominated by Neocallimastigomycota and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, the relative abundance of many pathogenic fungi (Cryptococcus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Sarocladium) in the foregut was significantly higher than that in the posterior gut, indicating that Mongolian horses have strong disease resistance. The prediction of fungal function also showed significant differences in the fungal flora between the foregut and the hindgut. The fungi in Mongolian horses’ foreguts were mainly pathologically nutritive and contained many animal and plant pathogens, particularly in the small intestine (jejunum and ileum). This indicates that the foregut may be the most important immune site in the digestive system of Mongolian horses, which explains the high disease resistance of Mongolian horses. The number of unassigned functional groups in the posterior gut was significantly higher than that in the anterior gut, indicating that the functions of fungal groups in the posterior gut have not been fully explored, and further studies are required in the future. Conclusions Analysis of high-throughput sequencing results revealed that the fungal composition varied greatly among different gastrointestinal tract segments in Mongolian horses, whose hindgut contains many anaerobic fungi involved in plant cellulose degradation. This provides important basic data for studying fungal diversity in the digestive system of healthy horses, which can be used for the health assessment of horses and provides clues for further research on the disease resistance and digestive capacity of horses, as well as a reference for the early diagnosis of intestinal diseases and innovative treatment methods.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-03001-wFungiITS1High-throughput sequencingIntestinal microfloraMongolian horses |
| spellingShingle | Yiping Zhao Xiujuan Ren Haiqing Wu He Hu Chao Cheng Ming Du Yao Huang Xiaoqing Zhao Liwei Wang Liuxi Yi Jinshan Tao Yajing Li Yanan Lin Shaofeng Su Manglai Dugarjaviin Diversity and functional prediction of fungal communities in different segments of mongolian horse gastrointestinal tracts BMC Microbiology Fungi ITS1 High-throughput sequencing Intestinal microflora Mongolian horses |
| title | Diversity and functional prediction of fungal communities in different segments of mongolian horse gastrointestinal tracts |
| title_full | Diversity and functional prediction of fungal communities in different segments of mongolian horse gastrointestinal tracts |
| title_fullStr | Diversity and functional prediction of fungal communities in different segments of mongolian horse gastrointestinal tracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity and functional prediction of fungal communities in different segments of mongolian horse gastrointestinal tracts |
| title_short | Diversity and functional prediction of fungal communities in different segments of mongolian horse gastrointestinal tracts |
| title_sort | diversity and functional prediction of fungal communities in different segments of mongolian horse gastrointestinal tracts |
| topic | Fungi ITS1 High-throughput sequencing Intestinal microflora Mongolian horses |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-03001-w |
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