The local conservation status of the regionally rarest bird species in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil
<span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">We reviewed</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">the local curr...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society
2015-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Threatened Taxa |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/1638 |
| Summary: | <span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">We reviewed</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">the local current status and summarized the suspected causes of rarity,</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> and presumed </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">major threats</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">to the 84 rarest</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">bird species</span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">in the state of</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">. </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">We have focused on the bird species</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">that have</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> not </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">been</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> recently </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">recorded or</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">have</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">fewer than 10</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">records </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">in the</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">last five</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">decades in the state of Rio de Janeiro</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">. </span><span class="char-style-override-13">Of these, 24 species are considered globally threatened or near threatened, and at least about 30 species are actually common or abundant elsewhere in their distribution. </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">More than half</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">of these</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">species are</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">forest birds</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">inhabiting mainly</span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">lowland</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">forests, but less than one-fifth</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">of these species</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">are</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">endemic to</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">the Atlantic</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">Forest.</span><span class="hps char-style-override-13"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">The</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">trophic guilds</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">with the highest numbers</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">of species were omnivores</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> and </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">insectivores</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">. The main habitats </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">used by</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> the rarest </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">bird species</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> were wetlands, </span><span class="char-style-override-13">l</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">owland forest canopy,</span><span class="char-style-override-13"> secondary forest canopy and secondary forest edge</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">. </span><span class="char-style-override-13">Bird species using two or more habitats were more represented among rare species than those using only a single habitat. </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">Nine</span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">species were considered</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">locally extinct, 11 probably Extinct, 27 Critically Endangered and 13</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> considered Data Deficient in Rio de Janeiro which </span><span class="char-style-override-13">are of </span><span class="st char-style-override-13">increased </span><span class="char-style-override-13">conservation concern in the region</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">. </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">Although</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">included among the</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">rarest</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">birds</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> found </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">in the state of</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">Rio de Janeiro</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">, </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">24</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">species</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> were not </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">classified as locally threatened</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">because they are</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">naturally</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">rare</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">migrants</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">or</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">vagrants</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">in the</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">region,</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">without evidence of</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> s</span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">ignificant</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">population</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">size</span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">reduction</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">in the</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">state</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">in</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">recent</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">decades</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">. </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">Fifteen</span><span class="char-style-override-13"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">species</span><span class="char-style-override-13"> had their conservation status considered </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">threatened</span><span class="char-style-override-13"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">in the state</span><span class="char-style-override-13"> for the </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">first time</span><span class="char-style-override-13">. Forty-four species </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">had</span><span class="char-style-override-13"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">their</span><span class="char-style-override-13"> local </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">conservation status</span><span class="char-style-override-13"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">uplisted, while only</span><span class="char-style-override-13"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">five species</span><span class="char-style-override-13"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">were</span><span class="char-style-override-13"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">downlisted. </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">The major</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">causes of rarity</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> and threats to these species in the region are h</span><span class="hps char-style-override-13">abitat loss and hunting/trapping, but</span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> nearly one</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">-</span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">third of them</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">have</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">unknown</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">causes</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">of</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB"> </span><span class="hps char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">rarity</span><span class="char-style-override-13" xml:lang="en-GB">.</span> |
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| ISSN: | 0974-7893 0974-7907 |