Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of <i>Quercus</i> sp. Galls (Oak Galls): A Systematic Review of Studies Published in the Last 5 Years
<i>Quercus</i> species have been widely used in traditional medicine, and recently, researchers’ attention has focused on galls of the genus <i>Quercus</i> as a source of health-promoting phytochemicals. This review presents a summary of the most recent findings on the phytoc...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/22/3873 |
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| author | Roxana Banc Marius Emil Rusu Lorena Filip Daniela-Saveta Popa |
| author_facet | Roxana Banc Marius Emil Rusu Lorena Filip Daniela-Saveta Popa |
| author_sort | Roxana Banc |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Quercus</i> species have been widely used in traditional medicine, and recently, researchers’ attention has focused on galls of the genus <i>Quercus</i> as a source of health-promoting phytochemicals. This review presents a summary of the most recent findings on the phytochemistry and bioactivity of oak galls, following the screening of scientific papers published in two relevant databases, PubMed and Embase, between January 2018 and June 2023. The oak galls are rich in active compounds, mostly gallotannins and phenolic acids. Due to these secondary metabolites, the reviewed studies have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, antimicrobial properties, tissue-protective effects, and antitumor, anti-aging, and hypoglycemic potential. Thus, oak galls are a promising natural matrix, to be considered in obtaining pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations used in anti-aging strategies and, together with medications, in the management of age-related diseases. In further evaluations, the valuable functional properties of oak galls, reported mostly in preclinical studies, should be confirmed with clinical studies that would also take into account the potential health risks of their use. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:30:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf16ef62d95945adbdeca2d2d4740dbf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:30:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf16ef62d95945adbdeca2d2d4740dbf2023-11-24T15:02:04ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-11-011222387310.3390/plants12223873Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of <i>Quercus</i> sp. Galls (Oak Galls): A Systematic Review of Studies Published in the Last 5 YearsRoxana Banc0Marius Emil Rusu1Lorena Filip2Daniela-Saveta Popa3Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creangǎ Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania<i>Quercus</i> species have been widely used in traditional medicine, and recently, researchers’ attention has focused on galls of the genus <i>Quercus</i> as a source of health-promoting phytochemicals. This review presents a summary of the most recent findings on the phytochemistry and bioactivity of oak galls, following the screening of scientific papers published in two relevant databases, PubMed and Embase, between January 2018 and June 2023. The oak galls are rich in active compounds, mostly gallotannins and phenolic acids. Due to these secondary metabolites, the reviewed studies have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, antimicrobial properties, tissue-protective effects, and antitumor, anti-aging, and hypoglycemic potential. Thus, oak galls are a promising natural matrix, to be considered in obtaining pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations used in anti-aging strategies and, together with medications, in the management of age-related diseases. In further evaluations, the valuable functional properties of oak galls, reported mostly in preclinical studies, should be confirmed with clinical studies that would also take into account the potential health risks of their use.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/22/3873<i>Quercus</i>oak gallsantioxidantsanti-agingbioactive phytochemicalsphenolic compounds |
| spellingShingle | Roxana Banc Marius Emil Rusu Lorena Filip Daniela-Saveta Popa Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of <i>Quercus</i> sp. Galls (Oak Galls): A Systematic Review of Studies Published in the Last 5 Years Plants <i>Quercus</i> oak galls antioxidants anti-aging bioactive phytochemicals phenolic compounds |
| title | Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of <i>Quercus</i> sp. Galls (Oak Galls): A Systematic Review of Studies Published in the Last 5 Years |
| title_full | Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of <i>Quercus</i> sp. Galls (Oak Galls): A Systematic Review of Studies Published in the Last 5 Years |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of <i>Quercus</i> sp. Galls (Oak Galls): A Systematic Review of Studies Published in the Last 5 Years |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of <i>Quercus</i> sp. Galls (Oak Galls): A Systematic Review of Studies Published in the Last 5 Years |
| title_short | Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of <i>Quercus</i> sp. Galls (Oak Galls): A Systematic Review of Studies Published in the Last 5 Years |
| title_sort | phytochemical profiling and biological activities of i quercus i sp galls oak galls a systematic review of studies published in the last 5 years |
| topic | <i>Quercus</i> oak galls antioxidants anti-aging bioactive phytochemicals phenolic compounds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/22/3873 |
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