Formaldehyde in Hospitals Induces Oxidative Stress: The Role of <i>GSTT1</i> and <i>GSTM1</i> Polymorphisms
Despite the toxicity and health risk characteristics of formaldehyde (FA), it is currently used as a cytological fixative and the definition of safe exposure levels is still a matter of debate. Our aim was to investigate the alterations in both oxidative and inflammatory status in a hospital working...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/8/178 |
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| author | Federica Ghelli Valeria Bellisario Giulia Squillacioti Marco Panizzolo Alfredo Santovito Roberto Bono |
| author_facet | Federica Ghelli Valeria Bellisario Giulia Squillacioti Marco Panizzolo Alfredo Santovito Roberto Bono |
| author_sort | Federica Ghelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the toxicity and health risk characteristics of formaldehyde (FA), it is currently used as a cytological fixative and the definition of safe exposure levels is still a matter of debate. Our aim was to investigate the alterations in both oxidative and inflammatory status in a hospital working population. The 68 workers recruited wore a personal air-FA passive sampler, provided a urine sample to measure 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-Isoprostane (15-F<sub>2t</sub>-IsoP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and a blood specimen to measure tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). Subjects were also genotyped for <i>GSTT1</i> (Presence/Absence), <i>GSTM1</i> (Presence/Absence), <i>CYP1A1</i> exon 7 (A > G), and <i>IL6</i> (−174, G > C). Workers were ex post split into formalin-employers (57.3 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) and non-employers (13.5 μg/m<sup>3</sup>). In the formalin-employers group we assessed significantly higher levels of 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-IsoP, MDA and TNFα (<0.001) in comparison to the non-employers group. The air-FA levels turned out to be positively correlated with 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-IsoP (<i>p</i> = 0.027) and MDA (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In the formalin-employers group the MDA level was significantly higher in <i>GSTT1</i> Null (<i>p</i> = 0.038), <i>GSTM1</i> Null (<i>p</i> = 0.031), and <i>CYP1A1</i> exon 7 mutation carrier (<i>p</i> = 0.008) workers, compared to the wild type subjects. This study confirms the role of FA in biomolecular profiles alterations, highlighting how low occupational exposure can also result in measurable biological outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:19:52Z |
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| id | doaj.art-bf1967a2fa084debafcde4d929bf31ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:19:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf1967a2fa084debafcde4d929bf31ca2023-11-22T10:03:34ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042021-07-019817810.3390/toxics9080178Formaldehyde in Hospitals Induces Oxidative Stress: The Role of <i>GSTT1</i> and <i>GSTM1</i> PolymorphismsFederica Ghelli0Valeria Bellisario1Giulia Squillacioti2Marco Panizzolo3Alfredo Santovito4Roberto Bono5Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, ItalyDespite the toxicity and health risk characteristics of formaldehyde (FA), it is currently used as a cytological fixative and the definition of safe exposure levels is still a matter of debate. Our aim was to investigate the alterations in both oxidative and inflammatory status in a hospital working population. The 68 workers recruited wore a personal air-FA passive sampler, provided a urine sample to measure 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-Isoprostane (15-F<sub>2t</sub>-IsoP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and a blood specimen to measure tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). Subjects were also genotyped for <i>GSTT1</i> (Presence/Absence), <i>GSTM1</i> (Presence/Absence), <i>CYP1A1</i> exon 7 (A > G), and <i>IL6</i> (−174, G > C). Workers were ex post split into formalin-employers (57.3 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) and non-employers (13.5 μg/m<sup>3</sup>). In the formalin-employers group we assessed significantly higher levels of 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-IsoP, MDA and TNFα (<0.001) in comparison to the non-employers group. The air-FA levels turned out to be positively correlated with 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-IsoP (<i>p</i> = 0.027) and MDA (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In the formalin-employers group the MDA level was significantly higher in <i>GSTT1</i> Null (<i>p</i> = 0.038), <i>GSTM1</i> Null (<i>p</i> = 0.031), and <i>CYP1A1</i> exon 7 mutation carrier (<i>p</i> = 0.008) workers, compared to the wild type subjects. This study confirms the role of FA in biomolecular profiles alterations, highlighting how low occupational exposure can also result in measurable biological outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/8/178formaldehyde15-F<sub>2t</sub>-isoprostanemalondialdehydeTNFα<i>GSTT1</i><i>GSTM1</i> |
| spellingShingle | Federica Ghelli Valeria Bellisario Giulia Squillacioti Marco Panizzolo Alfredo Santovito Roberto Bono Formaldehyde in Hospitals Induces Oxidative Stress: The Role of <i>GSTT1</i> and <i>GSTM1</i> Polymorphisms Toxics formaldehyde 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-isoprostane malondialdehyde TNFα <i>GSTT1</i> <i>GSTM1</i> |
| title | Formaldehyde in Hospitals Induces Oxidative Stress: The Role of <i>GSTT1</i> and <i>GSTM1</i> Polymorphisms |
| title_full | Formaldehyde in Hospitals Induces Oxidative Stress: The Role of <i>GSTT1</i> and <i>GSTM1</i> Polymorphisms |
| title_fullStr | Formaldehyde in Hospitals Induces Oxidative Stress: The Role of <i>GSTT1</i> and <i>GSTM1</i> Polymorphisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formaldehyde in Hospitals Induces Oxidative Stress: The Role of <i>GSTT1</i> and <i>GSTM1</i> Polymorphisms |
| title_short | Formaldehyde in Hospitals Induces Oxidative Stress: The Role of <i>GSTT1</i> and <i>GSTM1</i> Polymorphisms |
| title_sort | formaldehyde in hospitals induces oxidative stress the role of i gstt1 i and i gstm1 i polymorphisms |
| topic | formaldehyde 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-isoprostane malondialdehyde TNFα <i>GSTT1</i> <i>GSTM1</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/8/178 |
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