Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review
Background. Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is frequent in childhood and may have long-term sequelae. By employing an evidence-based approach, this scoping review aims at identifying (a) early predictors of DLD; (b) the optimal age range for the use of screening and diagnostic tools; (c) effec...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/5/654 |
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| author | Alessandra Sansavini Maria Elena Favilla Maria Teresa Guasti Andrea Marini Stefania Millepiedi Maria Valeria Di Martino Simona Vecchi Nadia Battajon Laura Bertolo Olga Capirci Barbara Carretti Maria Paola Colatei Cristina Frioni Luigi Marotta Sara Massa Letizia Michelazzo Chiara Pecini Silvia Piazzalunga Manuela Pieretti Pasquale Rinaldi Renata Salvadorini Cristiano Termine Mariagrazia Zuccarini Simonetta D’Amico Anna Giulia De Cagno Maria Chiara Levorato Tiziana Rossetto Maria Luisa Lorusso |
| author_facet | Alessandra Sansavini Maria Elena Favilla Maria Teresa Guasti Andrea Marini Stefania Millepiedi Maria Valeria Di Martino Simona Vecchi Nadia Battajon Laura Bertolo Olga Capirci Barbara Carretti Maria Paola Colatei Cristina Frioni Luigi Marotta Sara Massa Letizia Michelazzo Chiara Pecini Silvia Piazzalunga Manuela Pieretti Pasquale Rinaldi Renata Salvadorini Cristiano Termine Mariagrazia Zuccarini Simonetta D’Amico Anna Giulia De Cagno Maria Chiara Levorato Tiziana Rossetto Maria Luisa Lorusso |
| author_sort | Alessandra Sansavini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is frequent in childhood and may have long-term sequelae. By employing an evidence-based approach, this scoping review aims at identifying (a) early predictors of DLD; (b) the optimal age range for the use of screening and diagnostic tools; (c) effective diagnostic tools in preschool children. Methods. We considered systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and primary observational studies with control groups on predictive, sensitivity and specificity values of screening and diagnostic tools and psycholinguistic measures for the assessment of DLD in preschool children. We identified 37 studies, consisting of 10 systematic reviews and 27 primary studies. Results. Delay in gesture production, receptive and/or expressive vocabulary, syntactic comprehension, or word combination up to 30 months emerged as early predictors of DLD, a family history of DLD appeared to be a major risk factor, and low socioeconomic status and environmental input were reported as risk factors with lower predictive power. Optimal time for screening is suggested between age 2 and 3, for diagnosis around age 4. Because of the high variability of sensitivity and specificity values, joint use of standardized and psycholinguistic measures is suggested to increase diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions. Monitoring risk situations and employing caregivers’ reports, clinical assessment and multiple linguistic measures are fundamental for an early identification of DLD and timely interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:20:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf1c81b9564e464c86fca2d1e26e997e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:20:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf1c81b9564e464c86fca2d1e26e997e2023-11-21T20:08:01ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252021-05-0111565410.3390/brainsci11050654Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping ReviewAlessandra Sansavini0Maria Elena Favilla1Maria Teresa Guasti2Andrea Marini3Stefania Millepiedi4Maria Valeria Di Martino5Simona Vecchi6Nadia Battajon7Laura Bertolo8Olga Capirci9Barbara Carretti10Maria Paola Colatei11Cristina Frioni12Luigi Marotta13Sara Massa14Letizia Michelazzo15Chiara Pecini16Silvia Piazzalunga17Manuela Pieretti18Pasquale Rinaldi19Renata Salvadorini20Cristiano Termine21Mariagrazia Zuccarini22Simonetta D’Amico23Anna Giulia De Cagno24Maria Chiara Levorato25Tiziana Rossetto26Maria Luisa Lorusso27Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Allegri 9, 42121 Reggio Emilia, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, University Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20121 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Language and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, Università di Udine, Via Margreth, 3, 33100 Udine, ItalyDepartment of Mental Health, ATNO, Via Cocchi, 7/9, 56121 Pisa, ItalyHealth Professions Integrated Service, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli di Napoli, 80131 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00154 Rome, ItalyNeonatal Intensive Care Unit Mother and Child Department, Ca’ Foncello Hospital, Via Sant’Ambrogio di Fiera, 37, 31100 Treviso, ItalyAIRIPA Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca e l’Intervento nella Psicopatologia dell’Apprendimento, Via Astichello, 10, 35135, Padova, Galleria G. Berchet, 3, 35131 Padova, ItalyInstitute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Via Nomentana 56, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Palazzo Camponeschi, Piazza Santa Margherita 2, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyStudio di Psicoterapia e Riabilitazione dell’età evolutiva, Via Annone 1, 00199 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Intensive and Robotic Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Lungomare Marconi 36, 00058 S. Marinella, Roma, ItalyAzienda Usl Toscana Centro, Piazza Santa Maria Nuova 1, 50121 Firenze, ItalyFederazione Logopedisti Italiani, Via Daniello Bartoli, 00152 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Complesso di San Salvi, Padiglione 26, Via di San Salvi 12, 50135 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B.Grassi, 74, 20157 Milano, ItalyFederazione Logopedisti Italiani, Via Daniello Bartoli, 00152 Roma, ItalyInstitute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Via Nomentana 56, 00161 Rome, ItalyUO Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Calambrone, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via Ravasi 2, 21100 Varese, ItalyDepartment of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, ItalyCLASTA—Communication & Language Acquisition Studies in Typical & Atypical Population, Piazza Epiro 12D, 00183 Roma, ItalyFederazione Logopedisti Italiani, Via Daniello Bartoli, 00152 Roma, ItalyCLASTA—Communication & Language Acquisition Studies in Typical & Atypical Population, Piazza Epiro 12D, 00183 Roma, ItalyFederazione Logopedisti Italiani, Via Daniello Bartoli, 00152 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Child Psychopathology, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, ItalyBackground. Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is frequent in childhood and may have long-term sequelae. By employing an evidence-based approach, this scoping review aims at identifying (a) early predictors of DLD; (b) the optimal age range for the use of screening and diagnostic tools; (c) effective diagnostic tools in preschool children. Methods. We considered systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and primary observational studies with control groups on predictive, sensitivity and specificity values of screening and diagnostic tools and psycholinguistic measures for the assessment of DLD in preschool children. We identified 37 studies, consisting of 10 systematic reviews and 27 primary studies. Results. Delay in gesture production, receptive and/or expressive vocabulary, syntactic comprehension, or word combination up to 30 months emerged as early predictors of DLD, a family history of DLD appeared to be a major risk factor, and low socioeconomic status and environmental input were reported as risk factors with lower predictive power. Optimal time for screening is suggested between age 2 and 3, for diagnosis around age 4. Because of the high variability of sensitivity and specificity values, joint use of standardized and psycholinguistic measures is suggested to increase diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions. Monitoring risk situations and employing caregivers’ reports, clinical assessment and multiple linguistic measures are fundamental for an early identification of DLD and timely interventions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/5/654developmental language disorderlate talkerslanguage delayearly predictorsscreening toolsdiagnostic tools |
| spellingShingle | Alessandra Sansavini Maria Elena Favilla Maria Teresa Guasti Andrea Marini Stefania Millepiedi Maria Valeria Di Martino Simona Vecchi Nadia Battajon Laura Bertolo Olga Capirci Barbara Carretti Maria Paola Colatei Cristina Frioni Luigi Marotta Sara Massa Letizia Michelazzo Chiara Pecini Silvia Piazzalunga Manuela Pieretti Pasquale Rinaldi Renata Salvadorini Cristiano Termine Mariagrazia Zuccarini Simonetta D’Amico Anna Giulia De Cagno Maria Chiara Levorato Tiziana Rossetto Maria Luisa Lorusso Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review Brain Sciences developmental language disorder late talkers language delay early predictors screening tools diagnostic tools |
| title | Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review |
| title_full | Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review |
| title_fullStr | Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review |
| title_short | Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review |
| title_sort | developmental language disorder early predictors age for the diagnosis and diagnostic tools a scoping review |
| topic | developmental language disorder late talkers language delay early predictors screening tools diagnostic tools |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/5/654 |
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