Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology

The intelligent transport system (ITS) has transformed urban transportation, enhancing daily commutes with services like congestion management, vehicle crash prevention, traffic control, roadside safety, breakdown assistance, ticket booking, vehicle registration, and insurance. However, in urban bus...

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Main Authors: Tariq J. S. Khanzada, Muhammad Farrukh Shahid, Ahmad Mutahhar, Muhammad Ahtisham Aslam, Rehab Bahaaddin Ashari, Sarmad Jamal, Mustafa Nooruddin, Shahbaz Siddiqui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-10-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/20/11323
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author Tariq J. S. Khanzada
Muhammad Farrukh Shahid
Ahmad Mutahhar
Muhammad Ahtisham Aslam
Rehab Bahaaddin Ashari
Sarmad Jamal
Mustafa Nooruddin
Shahbaz Siddiqui
author_facet Tariq J. S. Khanzada
Muhammad Farrukh Shahid
Ahmad Mutahhar
Muhammad Ahtisham Aslam
Rehab Bahaaddin Ashari
Sarmad Jamal
Mustafa Nooruddin
Shahbaz Siddiqui
author_sort Tariq J. S. Khanzada
collection DOAJ
description The intelligent transport system (ITS) has transformed urban transportation, enhancing daily commutes with services like congestion management, vehicle crash prevention, traffic control, roadside safety, breakdown assistance, ticket booking, vehicle registration, and insurance. However, in urban bus transportation, the ITS faces security threats, such as data forgery and manipulation. To counter these challenges, a blockchain-based framework for bus transportation approval is proposed, ensuring data integrity and security. The framework’s performance is evaluated based on processing time, central processing unit (CPU), graphical processing unit (GPU), cloud usage, and memory consumption, and compared to Ethereum and Aurora testnet, in terms of gas cost, security, and performance. Stochastic algorithms, including the genetic algorithm and Tabu search, are used for time complexity analysis, to obtain an optimized solution. The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) analysis is also performed to assess factors like transaction costs, execution time, memory consumption, and security. The results show that execution time, memory consumption, and processing time are crucial, while transaction cost, reliability, and transparency positively impact the system’s effectiveness. By reducing the risk of false data presentation and ensuring accurate records, the proposed framework contributes to a more efficient and reliable transportation system.
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spelling doaj.art-bf2778776b8d4a0ebfb9fcff123490302023-11-19T15:30:37ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-10-0113201132310.3390/app132011323Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 TechnologyTariq J. S. Khanzada0Muhammad Farrukh Shahid1Ahmad Mutahhar2Muhammad Ahtisham Aslam3Rehab Bahaaddin Ashari4Sarmad Jamal5Mustafa Nooruddin6Shahbaz Siddiqui7Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaFAST School of Computing, National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences (FAST-NUCES), Karachi 75030, PakistanDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaFAST School of Computing, National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences (FAST-NUCES), Karachi 75030, PakistanCollege of Engineering, Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology, Karachi 75190, PakistanFAST School of Computing, National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences (FAST-NUCES), Karachi 75030, PakistanThe intelligent transport system (ITS) has transformed urban transportation, enhancing daily commutes with services like congestion management, vehicle crash prevention, traffic control, roadside safety, breakdown assistance, ticket booking, vehicle registration, and insurance. However, in urban bus transportation, the ITS faces security threats, such as data forgery and manipulation. To counter these challenges, a blockchain-based framework for bus transportation approval is proposed, ensuring data integrity and security. The framework’s performance is evaluated based on processing time, central processing unit (CPU), graphical processing unit (GPU), cloud usage, and memory consumption, and compared to Ethereum and Aurora testnet, in terms of gas cost, security, and performance. Stochastic algorithms, including the genetic algorithm and Tabu search, are used for time complexity analysis, to obtain an optimized solution. The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) analysis is also performed to assess factors like transaction costs, execution time, memory consumption, and security. The results show that execution time, memory consumption, and processing time are crucial, while transaction cost, reliability, and transparency positively impact the system’s effectiveness. By reducing the risk of false data presentation and ensuring accurate records, the proposed framework contributes to a more efficient and reliable transportation system.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/20/11323blockchainledgerITScryptographyEthereumIoV
spellingShingle Tariq J. S. Khanzada
Muhammad Farrukh Shahid
Ahmad Mutahhar
Muhammad Ahtisham Aslam
Rehab Bahaaddin Ashari
Sarmad Jamal
Mustafa Nooruddin
Shahbaz Siddiqui
Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology
Applied Sciences
blockchain
ledger
ITS
cryptography
Ethereum
IoV
title Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology
title_full Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology
title_fullStr Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology
title_full_unstemmed Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology
title_short Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology
title_sort authenticity and approval framework for bus transportation based on blockchain 2 0 technology
topic blockchain
ledger
ITS
cryptography
Ethereum
IoV
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/20/11323
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