Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology
The intelligent transport system (ITS) has transformed urban transportation, enhancing daily commutes with services like congestion management, vehicle crash prevention, traffic control, roadside safety, breakdown assistance, ticket booking, vehicle registration, and insurance. However, in urban bus...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/20/11323 |
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author | Tariq J. S. Khanzada Muhammad Farrukh Shahid Ahmad Mutahhar Muhammad Ahtisham Aslam Rehab Bahaaddin Ashari Sarmad Jamal Mustafa Nooruddin Shahbaz Siddiqui |
author_facet | Tariq J. S. Khanzada Muhammad Farrukh Shahid Ahmad Mutahhar Muhammad Ahtisham Aslam Rehab Bahaaddin Ashari Sarmad Jamal Mustafa Nooruddin Shahbaz Siddiqui |
author_sort | Tariq J. S. Khanzada |
collection | DOAJ |
description | The intelligent transport system (ITS) has transformed urban transportation, enhancing daily commutes with services like congestion management, vehicle crash prevention, traffic control, roadside safety, breakdown assistance, ticket booking, vehicle registration, and insurance. However, in urban bus transportation, the ITS faces security threats, such as data forgery and manipulation. To counter these challenges, a blockchain-based framework for bus transportation approval is proposed, ensuring data integrity and security. The framework’s performance is evaluated based on processing time, central processing unit (CPU), graphical processing unit (GPU), cloud usage, and memory consumption, and compared to Ethereum and Aurora testnet, in terms of gas cost, security, and performance. Stochastic algorithms, including the genetic algorithm and Tabu search, are used for time complexity analysis, to obtain an optimized solution. The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) analysis is also performed to assess factors like transaction costs, execution time, memory consumption, and security. The results show that execution time, memory consumption, and processing time are crucial, while transaction cost, reliability, and transparency positively impact the system’s effectiveness. By reducing the risk of false data presentation and ensuring accurate records, the proposed framework contributes to a more efficient and reliable transportation system. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:28:41Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-bf2778776b8d4a0ebfb9fcff12349030 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2076-3417 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:28:41Z |
publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
record_format | Article |
series | Applied Sciences |
spelling | doaj.art-bf2778776b8d4a0ebfb9fcff123490302023-11-19T15:30:37ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-10-0113201132310.3390/app132011323Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 TechnologyTariq J. S. Khanzada0Muhammad Farrukh Shahid1Ahmad Mutahhar2Muhammad Ahtisham Aslam3Rehab Bahaaddin Ashari4Sarmad Jamal5Mustafa Nooruddin6Shahbaz Siddiqui7Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaFAST School of Computing, National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences (FAST-NUCES), Karachi 75030, PakistanDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaFAST School of Computing, National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences (FAST-NUCES), Karachi 75030, PakistanCollege of Engineering, Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology, Karachi 75190, PakistanFAST School of Computing, National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences (FAST-NUCES), Karachi 75030, PakistanThe intelligent transport system (ITS) has transformed urban transportation, enhancing daily commutes with services like congestion management, vehicle crash prevention, traffic control, roadside safety, breakdown assistance, ticket booking, vehicle registration, and insurance. However, in urban bus transportation, the ITS faces security threats, such as data forgery and manipulation. To counter these challenges, a blockchain-based framework for bus transportation approval is proposed, ensuring data integrity and security. The framework’s performance is evaluated based on processing time, central processing unit (CPU), graphical processing unit (GPU), cloud usage, and memory consumption, and compared to Ethereum and Aurora testnet, in terms of gas cost, security, and performance. Stochastic algorithms, including the genetic algorithm and Tabu search, are used for time complexity analysis, to obtain an optimized solution. The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) analysis is also performed to assess factors like transaction costs, execution time, memory consumption, and security. The results show that execution time, memory consumption, and processing time are crucial, while transaction cost, reliability, and transparency positively impact the system’s effectiveness. By reducing the risk of false data presentation and ensuring accurate records, the proposed framework contributes to a more efficient and reliable transportation system.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/20/11323blockchainledgerITScryptographyEthereumIoV |
spellingShingle | Tariq J. S. Khanzada Muhammad Farrukh Shahid Ahmad Mutahhar Muhammad Ahtisham Aslam Rehab Bahaaddin Ashari Sarmad Jamal Mustafa Nooruddin Shahbaz Siddiqui Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology Applied Sciences blockchain ledger ITS cryptography Ethereum IoV |
title | Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology |
title_full | Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology |
title_fullStr | Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology |
title_full_unstemmed | Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology |
title_short | Authenticity, and Approval Framework for Bus Transportation Based on Blockchain 2.0 Technology |
title_sort | authenticity and approval framework for bus transportation based on blockchain 2 0 technology |
topic | blockchain ledger ITS cryptography Ethereum IoV |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/20/11323 |
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