Adaptive Intelligence: Intelligence Is Not a Personal Trait but Rather a Person × Task × Situation Interaction
This article explores the advantages of viewing intelligence not as a fixed trait residing within an individual, but rather as a person × task × situation interaction. The emphasis in the article is on the role of persons solving tasks embedded in situations involving learning, intellectual abilitie...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Intelligence |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/9/4/58 |
| _version_ | 1797503331594141696 |
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| author | Robert J. Sternberg |
| author_facet | Robert J. Sternberg |
| author_sort | Robert J. Sternberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article explores the advantages of viewing intelligence not as a fixed trait residing within an individual, but rather as a person × task × situation interaction. The emphasis in the article is on the role of persons solving tasks embedded in situations involving learning, intellectual abilities, and competencies. The article opens with a consideration of the role of situations in intelligent behavior. The article then discusses how intelligence is more similar to creativity and wisdom, in terms of the role of situations, than many psychologists have realized. Then the article reviews the role of situations in identity-based and irrational thinking and in conspiratorial thinking and cults. Next the article discusses the demonstrated importance of situations in assessment, but also notes the difficulties in sampling situations. Finally, the article draws conclusions, in particular, that, given our lack of situation-based tests, we need to be more modest in our interpretations results from conventional tests of intelligence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:49:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf3535f1a7d8473aaa4ec461aacb580d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-3200 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:49:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Intelligence |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf3535f1a7d8473aaa4ec461aacb580d2023-11-23T09:01:05ZengMDPI AGJournal of Intelligence2079-32002021-11-01945810.3390/jintelligence9040058Adaptive Intelligence: Intelligence Is Not a Personal Trait but Rather a Person × Task × Situation InteractionRobert J. Sternberg0Department of Psychology, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USAThis article explores the advantages of viewing intelligence not as a fixed trait residing within an individual, but rather as a person × task × situation interaction. The emphasis in the article is on the role of persons solving tasks embedded in situations involving learning, intellectual abilities, and competencies. The article opens with a consideration of the role of situations in intelligent behavior. The article then discusses how intelligence is more similar to creativity and wisdom, in terms of the role of situations, than many psychologists have realized. Then the article reviews the role of situations in identity-based and irrational thinking and in conspiratorial thinking and cults. Next the article discusses the demonstrated importance of situations in assessment, but also notes the difficulties in sampling situations. Finally, the article draws conclusions, in particular, that, given our lack of situation-based tests, we need to be more modest in our interpretations results from conventional tests of intelligence.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/9/4/58intelligencepersontasksituationinteraction |
| spellingShingle | Robert J. Sternberg Adaptive Intelligence: Intelligence Is Not a Personal Trait but Rather a Person × Task × Situation Interaction Journal of Intelligence intelligence person task situation interaction |
| title | Adaptive Intelligence: Intelligence Is Not a Personal Trait but Rather a Person × Task × Situation Interaction |
| title_full | Adaptive Intelligence: Intelligence Is Not a Personal Trait but Rather a Person × Task × Situation Interaction |
| title_fullStr | Adaptive Intelligence: Intelligence Is Not a Personal Trait but Rather a Person × Task × Situation Interaction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adaptive Intelligence: Intelligence Is Not a Personal Trait but Rather a Person × Task × Situation Interaction |
| title_short | Adaptive Intelligence: Intelligence Is Not a Personal Trait but Rather a Person × Task × Situation Interaction |
| title_sort | adaptive intelligence intelligence is not a personal trait but rather a person task situation interaction |
| topic | intelligence person task situation interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/9/4/58 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT robertjsternberg adaptiveintelligenceintelligenceisnotapersonaltraitbutratherapersontasksituationinteraction |