Acupuncture Can Regulate the Peripheral Immune Cell Spectrum and Inflammatory Environment of the Vascular Dementia Rat, and Improve the Cognitive Dysfunction of the Rats
ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to analyze the effects of acupuncture on peripheral immune function, inflammation, and cognitive impairment in vascular dementia (VD) rats.MethodsIn this study, 2-month-old healthy male Wistar rats (260–280 g) were assigned to the groups as follows: normal group (Gn...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.706834/full |
| _version_ | 1819153149680680960 |
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| author | Pan Pan Pan Pan Pan Pan Zhinan Ma Zhinan Ma Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhenzhen Ling Zhenzhen Ling Yao Wang Yao Wang Qiuping Liu Qiuping Liu Xiaolin Lin Xiaolin Lin Pan Xu Pan Xu Dan Yang Dan Yang Hui Zhi Hui Zhi Runmin Wang Runmin Wang Xuezhu Zhang Xuezhu Zhang |
| author_facet | Pan Pan Pan Pan Pan Pan Zhinan Ma Zhinan Ma Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhenzhen Ling Zhenzhen Ling Yao Wang Yao Wang Qiuping Liu Qiuping Liu Xiaolin Lin Xiaolin Lin Pan Xu Pan Xu Dan Yang Dan Yang Hui Zhi Hui Zhi Runmin Wang Runmin Wang Xuezhu Zhang Xuezhu Zhang |
| author_sort | Pan Pan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to analyze the effects of acupuncture on peripheral immune function, inflammation, and cognitive impairment in vascular dementia (VD) rats.MethodsIn this study, 2-month-old healthy male Wistar rats (260–280 g) were assigned to the groups as follows: normal group (Gn, n = 10), sham-operated group (Gs, n = 10), and operated group (Go, n = 45). The Go group was established by permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Two months after operation, the operated rats were screened by hidden platform trial and the rats with cognitive dysfunction were further randomly divided into impaired group (Gi), acupoint group (Ga), and non-acupoint group (Gna) with 10 rats in each group. The Ga group was given acupuncture treatment for 14 days with a rest for every 7 days. After treatment, the Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to evaluate the spatial learning and memory abilities of rats. The lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and spleen of rats were measured by flow cytometry. The levels of cytokines [i.e., interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (INF-γ)], chemokines (i.e., macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)), and other inflammatory mediators (i.e., cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) in peripheral blood and hippocampus were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsCompared with the Gn group, the Gi rats presented long escape latencies to find the platform. After acupuncture treatment, the escape latencies of the Ga group were rescued markedly when compared with the Gi group (P < 0.05). The proportion of CD4 + T lymphocytes in both spleen and peripheral blood in the Ga group increased (P < 0.05) in comparison with the Gi group. There is an obvious reduction in IL-1β (P < 0.05), IL-2 (P < 0.05), TNF-α (P < 0.01), INF-γ (P < 0.01), MIP-2 (P < 0.05), and iNOS (P < 0.01), coming along with the increased levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (P < 0.01) in the Ga group when compared with the Gi group. In addition, the hippocampus proinflammatory factors IL-1β (P < 0.01), IL-2 (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.05), INF-γ (P < 0.05), MIP-2 (P < 0.05), iNOS (P < 0.01), and COX-2 decreased in the Ga group, whereas the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 (P < 0.01) increased.ConclusionThere are abnormal immune function and peripheral inflammation in VD rats. Acupuncture can regulate the peripheral immune function and inflammation of the VD rats and can improve the cognitive dysfunction of the rats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T15:00:36Z |
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| id | doaj.art-bf412bafdcc247f0ac6bedf0e02bb616 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T15:00:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf412bafdcc247f0ac6bedf0e02bb6162022-12-21T18:22:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652021-07-011310.3389/fnagi.2021.706834706834Acupuncture Can Regulate the Peripheral Immune Cell Spectrum and Inflammatory Environment of the Vascular Dementia Rat, and Improve the Cognitive Dysfunction of the RatsPan Pan0Pan Pan1Pan Pan2Zhinan Ma3Zhinan Ma4Zhen Zhang5Zhen Zhang6Zhenzhen Ling7Zhenzhen Ling8Yao Wang9Yao Wang10Qiuping Liu11Qiuping Liu12Xiaolin Lin13Xiaolin Lin14Pan Xu15Pan Xu16Dan Yang17Dan Yang18Hui Zhi19Hui Zhi20Runmin Wang21Runmin Wang22Xuezhu Zhang23Xuezhu Zhang24First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, ChinaYunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, ChinaFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, ChinaFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaWeifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, ChinaFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, JapanFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, ChinaFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaHangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, ChinaFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, ChinaFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, ChinaFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, ChinaFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, ChinaObjectiveThe aim of this study is to analyze the effects of acupuncture on peripheral immune function, inflammation, and cognitive impairment in vascular dementia (VD) rats.MethodsIn this study, 2-month-old healthy male Wistar rats (260–280 g) were assigned to the groups as follows: normal group (Gn, n = 10), sham-operated group (Gs, n = 10), and operated group (Go, n = 45). The Go group was established by permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Two months after operation, the operated rats were screened by hidden platform trial and the rats with cognitive dysfunction were further randomly divided into impaired group (Gi), acupoint group (Ga), and non-acupoint group (Gna) with 10 rats in each group. The Ga group was given acupuncture treatment for 14 days with a rest for every 7 days. After treatment, the Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to evaluate the spatial learning and memory abilities of rats. The lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and spleen of rats were measured by flow cytometry. The levels of cytokines [i.e., interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (INF-γ)], chemokines (i.e., macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)), and other inflammatory mediators (i.e., cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) in peripheral blood and hippocampus were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsCompared with the Gn group, the Gi rats presented long escape latencies to find the platform. After acupuncture treatment, the escape latencies of the Ga group were rescued markedly when compared with the Gi group (P < 0.05). The proportion of CD4 + T lymphocytes in both spleen and peripheral blood in the Ga group increased (P < 0.05) in comparison with the Gi group. There is an obvious reduction in IL-1β (P < 0.05), IL-2 (P < 0.05), TNF-α (P < 0.01), INF-γ (P < 0.01), MIP-2 (P < 0.05), and iNOS (P < 0.01), coming along with the increased levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (P < 0.01) in the Ga group when compared with the Gi group. In addition, the hippocampus proinflammatory factors IL-1β (P < 0.01), IL-2 (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.05), INF-γ (P < 0.05), MIP-2 (P < 0.05), iNOS (P < 0.01), and COX-2 decreased in the Ga group, whereas the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 (P < 0.01) increased.ConclusionThere are abnormal immune function and peripheral inflammation in VD rats. Acupuncture can regulate the peripheral immune function and inflammation of the VD rats and can improve the cognitive dysfunction of the rats.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.706834/fullvascular dementiacognitive functionacupunctureinflammationimmune cellimmunomodulatory |
| spellingShingle | Pan Pan Pan Pan Pan Pan Zhinan Ma Zhinan Ma Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhenzhen Ling Zhenzhen Ling Yao Wang Yao Wang Qiuping Liu Qiuping Liu Xiaolin Lin Xiaolin Lin Pan Xu Pan Xu Dan Yang Dan Yang Hui Zhi Hui Zhi Runmin Wang Runmin Wang Xuezhu Zhang Xuezhu Zhang Acupuncture Can Regulate the Peripheral Immune Cell Spectrum and Inflammatory Environment of the Vascular Dementia Rat, and Improve the Cognitive Dysfunction of the Rats Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience vascular dementia cognitive function acupuncture inflammation immune cell immunomodulatory |
| title | Acupuncture Can Regulate the Peripheral Immune Cell Spectrum and Inflammatory Environment of the Vascular Dementia Rat, and Improve the Cognitive Dysfunction of the Rats |
| title_full | Acupuncture Can Regulate the Peripheral Immune Cell Spectrum and Inflammatory Environment of the Vascular Dementia Rat, and Improve the Cognitive Dysfunction of the Rats |
| title_fullStr | Acupuncture Can Regulate the Peripheral Immune Cell Spectrum and Inflammatory Environment of the Vascular Dementia Rat, and Improve the Cognitive Dysfunction of the Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acupuncture Can Regulate the Peripheral Immune Cell Spectrum and Inflammatory Environment of the Vascular Dementia Rat, and Improve the Cognitive Dysfunction of the Rats |
| title_short | Acupuncture Can Regulate the Peripheral Immune Cell Spectrum and Inflammatory Environment of the Vascular Dementia Rat, and Improve the Cognitive Dysfunction of the Rats |
| title_sort | acupuncture can regulate the peripheral immune cell spectrum and inflammatory environment of the vascular dementia rat and improve the cognitive dysfunction of the rats |
| topic | vascular dementia cognitive function acupuncture inflammation immune cell immunomodulatory |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.706834/full |
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