Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the association between milk metabolites and udder quarter health status in dairy cows
ABSTRACT: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to investigate the association between milk metabolome and udder quarter health status in dairy cows. Mammary gland health status was defined by combining information provided by traditional somatic cell count (SCC) and differential SCC (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030221009644 |
| _version_ | 1811250805811970048 |
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| author | T. Bobbo G. Meoni G. Niero L. Tenori C. Luchinat M. Cassandro M. Penasa |
| author_facet | T. Bobbo G. Meoni G. Niero L. Tenori C. Luchinat M. Cassandro M. Penasa |
| author_sort | T. Bobbo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to investigate the association between milk metabolome and udder quarter health status in dairy cows. Mammary gland health status was defined by combining information provided by traditional somatic cell count (SCC) and differential SCC (DSCC), which expresses the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes over total SCC. Quarter milk samples were collected in triplicate (d 1 to 3) from 10 Simmental cows, 5 defined as cases and 5 defined as controls according to SCC levels at d 0. A total of 120 samples were collected and analyzed for bacteriology, milk composition, SCC, DSCC, and milk metabolome. Bacteriological analysis revealed the presence of mostly coagulase-negative staphylococci in quarter milk samples of cows defined as cases. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of all quarter samples were first analyzed using the unsupervised multivariate approach principal component analysis, which revealed a specific metabolomic fingerprint of each cow. Then, the supervised cross-validated orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis unquestionably showed that each cow could be very well identified according to its milk metabolomic fingerprint (accuracy = 95.8%). The comparison of 12 different models, built on bucketed 1-dimensional NOESY spectra (noesygppr1d, Bruker BioSpin) using different SCC and DSCC thresholds, corroborated the assumption of improved udder health status classification ability by joining information provided by both SCC and DSCC. Univariate analysis performed on the 34 quantitated metabolites revealed lower levels of riboflavin, galactose, galactose-1-phosphate, dimethylsulfone, carnitine, hippurate, orotate, lecithin, succinate, glucose, and lactose, and greater levels of lactate, phenylalanine, choline, acetate, O-acetylcarnitine, 2-oxoglutarate, and valine, in milk samples with high somatic cells. In the 5 cases, results of the udder quarter with the highest SCC compared with its symmetrical relative were in line with quarter-level findings. Our study suggests that increased SCC is associated with changes in milk metabolite fingerprint and highlights the potential use of different metabolites as novel indicators of udder health status and milk quality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:10:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf48e6a9601f4f0db9fbbe8958fd223d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:10:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf48e6a9601f4f0db9fbbe8958fd223d2022-12-22T03:25:56ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022022-01-011051535548Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the association between milk metabolites and udder quarter health status in dairy cowsT. Bobbo0G. Meoni1G. Niero2L. Tenori3C. Luchinat4M. Cassandro5M. Penasa6Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), ItalyMagnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff,” University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, ItalyDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; Corresponding authorMagnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff,” University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, ItalyMagnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff,” University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, ItalyDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; Associazione Nazionale Allevatori della Razza Frisona, Bruna e Jersey Italiana, 26100 Cremona (CR), ItalyDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), ItalyABSTRACT: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to investigate the association between milk metabolome and udder quarter health status in dairy cows. Mammary gland health status was defined by combining information provided by traditional somatic cell count (SCC) and differential SCC (DSCC), which expresses the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes over total SCC. Quarter milk samples were collected in triplicate (d 1 to 3) from 10 Simmental cows, 5 defined as cases and 5 defined as controls according to SCC levels at d 0. A total of 120 samples were collected and analyzed for bacteriology, milk composition, SCC, DSCC, and milk metabolome. Bacteriological analysis revealed the presence of mostly coagulase-negative staphylococci in quarter milk samples of cows defined as cases. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of all quarter samples were first analyzed using the unsupervised multivariate approach principal component analysis, which revealed a specific metabolomic fingerprint of each cow. Then, the supervised cross-validated orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis unquestionably showed that each cow could be very well identified according to its milk metabolomic fingerprint (accuracy = 95.8%). The comparison of 12 different models, built on bucketed 1-dimensional NOESY spectra (noesygppr1d, Bruker BioSpin) using different SCC and DSCC thresholds, corroborated the assumption of improved udder health status classification ability by joining information provided by both SCC and DSCC. Univariate analysis performed on the 34 quantitated metabolites revealed lower levels of riboflavin, galactose, galactose-1-phosphate, dimethylsulfone, carnitine, hippurate, orotate, lecithin, succinate, glucose, and lactose, and greater levels of lactate, phenylalanine, choline, acetate, O-acetylcarnitine, 2-oxoglutarate, and valine, in milk samples with high somatic cells. In the 5 cases, results of the udder quarter with the highest SCC compared with its symmetrical relative were in line with quarter-level findings. Our study suggests that increased SCC is associated with changes in milk metabolite fingerprint and highlights the potential use of different metabolites as novel indicators of udder health status and milk quality.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030221009644nuclear magnetic resonancemetabolomemastitisbiomarker |
| spellingShingle | T. Bobbo G. Meoni G. Niero L. Tenori C. Luchinat M. Cassandro M. Penasa Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the association between milk metabolites and udder quarter health status in dairy cows Journal of Dairy Science nuclear magnetic resonance metabolome mastitis biomarker |
| title | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the association between milk metabolites and udder quarter health status in dairy cows |
| title_full | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the association between milk metabolites and udder quarter health status in dairy cows |
| title_fullStr | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the association between milk metabolites and udder quarter health status in dairy cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the association between milk metabolites and udder quarter health status in dairy cows |
| title_short | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the association between milk metabolites and udder quarter health status in dairy cows |
| title_sort | nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the association between milk metabolites and udder quarter health status in dairy cows |
| topic | nuclear magnetic resonance metabolome mastitis biomarker |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030221009644 |
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