Neural Cell Responses Upon Exposure to Human Endogenous Retroviruses
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient retroviral elements, which invaded the human germ line several million years ago. Subsequent retrotransposition events amplified these sequences, resulting in approximately 8% of the human genome being composed of HERV sequences today. These genetic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2019.00655/full |
| _version_ | 1819127953517182976 |
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| author | Joel Gruchot David Kremer Patrick Küry |
| author_facet | Joel Gruchot David Kremer Patrick Küry |
| author_sort | Joel Gruchot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient retroviral elements, which invaded the human germ line several million years ago. Subsequent retrotransposition events amplified these sequences, resulting in approximately 8% of the human genome being composed of HERV sequences today. These genetic elements, normally dormant within human genomes, can be (re)-activated by environmental factors such as infections with other viruses, leading to the expression of viral proteins and, in some instances, even to viral particle production. Several studies have shown that the expression of these retroviral elements correlates with the onset and progression of neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Further studies provided evidence on additional roles for HERVs in schizophrenia (SCZ). Since these diseases are still not well understood, HERVs might constitute a new category of pathogenic components that could significantly change our understanding of these pathologies. Moreover, knowledge about their mode of action might also help to develop novel and more powerful approaches for the treatment of these complex diseases. Therefore, the main scope of this review is a description of the current knowledge on the involvement of HERV-W and HERV-K in neurological disease specifically focusing on the effects they exert on neural cells of the central nervous system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T08:20:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf525eafc9ad4945bbfc68cdd5c51762 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T08:20:07Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf525eafc9ad4945bbfc68cdd5c517622022-12-21T18:32:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212019-07-011010.3389/fgene.2019.00655466148Neural Cell Responses Upon Exposure to Human Endogenous RetrovirusesJoel GruchotDavid KremerPatrick KüryHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient retroviral elements, which invaded the human germ line several million years ago. Subsequent retrotransposition events amplified these sequences, resulting in approximately 8% of the human genome being composed of HERV sequences today. These genetic elements, normally dormant within human genomes, can be (re)-activated by environmental factors such as infections with other viruses, leading to the expression of viral proteins and, in some instances, even to viral particle production. Several studies have shown that the expression of these retroviral elements correlates with the onset and progression of neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Further studies provided evidence on additional roles for HERVs in schizophrenia (SCZ). Since these diseases are still not well understood, HERVs might constitute a new category of pathogenic components that could significantly change our understanding of these pathologies. Moreover, knowledge about their mode of action might also help to develop novel and more powerful approaches for the treatment of these complex diseases. Therefore, the main scope of this review is a description of the current knowledge on the involvement of HERV-W and HERV-K in neurological disease specifically focusing on the effects they exert on neural cells of the central nervous system.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2019.00655/fullhuman endogenous retrovirusneurodegenerative diseasesneuronsgliamobile genetic elements |
| spellingShingle | Joel Gruchot David Kremer Patrick Küry Neural Cell Responses Upon Exposure to Human Endogenous Retroviruses Frontiers in Genetics human endogenous retrovirus neurodegenerative diseases neurons glia mobile genetic elements |
| title | Neural Cell Responses Upon Exposure to Human Endogenous Retroviruses |
| title_full | Neural Cell Responses Upon Exposure to Human Endogenous Retroviruses |
| title_fullStr | Neural Cell Responses Upon Exposure to Human Endogenous Retroviruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neural Cell Responses Upon Exposure to Human Endogenous Retroviruses |
| title_short | Neural Cell Responses Upon Exposure to Human Endogenous Retroviruses |
| title_sort | neural cell responses upon exposure to human endogenous retroviruses |
| topic | human endogenous retrovirus neurodegenerative diseases neurons glia mobile genetic elements |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2019.00655/full |
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