Multifractal Heart Rate Value Analysis: A Novel Approach for Diabetic Neuropathy Diagnosis
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by several complications, such as retinopathy, renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Among these, neuropathy is the most severe complication, due to the challenging nature of its early detection. The linear Hearth Rate Variab...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Healthcare |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/2/234 |
| _version_ | 1797343635955515392 |
|---|---|
| author | Andrea Coppola Sergio Conte Donatella Pastore Francesca Chiereghin Giulia Donadel |
| author_facet | Andrea Coppola Sergio Conte Donatella Pastore Francesca Chiereghin Giulia Donadel |
| author_sort | Andrea Coppola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by several complications, such as retinopathy, renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Among these, neuropathy is the most severe complication, due to the challenging nature of its early detection. The linear Hearth Rate Variability (HRV) analysis is the most common diagnosis technique for diabetic neuropathy, and it is characterized by the determination of the sympathetic–parasympathetic balance on the peripheral nerves through a linear analysis of the tachogram obtained using photoplethysmography. We aimed to perform a multifractal analysis to identify autonomic neuropathy, which was not yet manifest and not detectable with the linear HRV analysis. We enrolled 10 healthy controls, 10 T2DM-diagnosed patients with not-full-blown neuropathy, and 10 T2DM diagnosed patients with full-blown neuropathy. The tachograms for the HRV analysis were obtained using finger photoplethysmography and a linear and/or multifractal analysis was performed. Our preliminary results showed that the linear analysis could effectively differentiate between healthy patients and T2DM patients with full-blown neuropathy; nevertheless, no differences were revealed comparing the full-blown to not-full-blown neuropathic diabetic patients. Conversely, the multifractal HRV analysis was effective for discriminating between full-blown and not-full-blown neuropathic T2DM patients. The multifractal analysis can represent a powerful strategy to determine neuropathic onset, even without clinical diagnostic evidence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:50:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf542db0372c406899ab12516ed6b60d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:50:40Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf542db0372c406899ab12516ed6b60d2024-01-26T16:47:35ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322024-01-0112223410.3390/healthcare12020234Multifractal Heart Rate Value Analysis: A Novel Approach for Diabetic Neuropathy DiagnosisAndrea Coppola0Sergio Conte1Donatella Pastore2Francesca Chiereghin3Giulia Donadel4Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyFaculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University “Our Lady of Good Counsel”, 1000 Tirana, AlbaniaDepartment of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by several complications, such as retinopathy, renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Among these, neuropathy is the most severe complication, due to the challenging nature of its early detection. The linear Hearth Rate Variability (HRV) analysis is the most common diagnosis technique for diabetic neuropathy, and it is characterized by the determination of the sympathetic–parasympathetic balance on the peripheral nerves through a linear analysis of the tachogram obtained using photoplethysmography. We aimed to perform a multifractal analysis to identify autonomic neuropathy, which was not yet manifest and not detectable with the linear HRV analysis. We enrolled 10 healthy controls, 10 T2DM-diagnosed patients with not-full-blown neuropathy, and 10 T2DM diagnosed patients with full-blown neuropathy. The tachograms for the HRV analysis were obtained using finger photoplethysmography and a linear and/or multifractal analysis was performed. Our preliminary results showed that the linear analysis could effectively differentiate between healthy patients and T2DM patients with full-blown neuropathy; nevertheless, no differences were revealed comparing the full-blown to not-full-blown neuropathic diabetic patients. Conversely, the multifractal HRV analysis was effective for discriminating between full-blown and not-full-blown neuropathic T2DM patients. The multifractal analysis can represent a powerful strategy to determine neuropathic onset, even without clinical diagnostic evidence.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/2/234type 2 diabetes mellitusautonomic neuropathyheart rate variability (HRV)Fourier analysisfractal analysismultifractal analysis |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Coppola Sergio Conte Donatella Pastore Francesca Chiereghin Giulia Donadel Multifractal Heart Rate Value Analysis: A Novel Approach for Diabetic Neuropathy Diagnosis Healthcare type 2 diabetes mellitus autonomic neuropathy heart rate variability (HRV) Fourier analysis fractal analysis multifractal analysis |
| title | Multifractal Heart Rate Value Analysis: A Novel Approach for Diabetic Neuropathy Diagnosis |
| title_full | Multifractal Heart Rate Value Analysis: A Novel Approach for Diabetic Neuropathy Diagnosis |
| title_fullStr | Multifractal Heart Rate Value Analysis: A Novel Approach for Diabetic Neuropathy Diagnosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multifractal Heart Rate Value Analysis: A Novel Approach for Diabetic Neuropathy Diagnosis |
| title_short | Multifractal Heart Rate Value Analysis: A Novel Approach for Diabetic Neuropathy Diagnosis |
| title_sort | multifractal heart rate value analysis a novel approach for diabetic neuropathy diagnosis |
| topic | type 2 diabetes mellitus autonomic neuropathy heart rate variability (HRV) Fourier analysis fractal analysis multifractal analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/2/234 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andreacoppola multifractalheartratevalueanalysisanovelapproachfordiabeticneuropathydiagnosis AT sergioconte multifractalheartratevalueanalysisanovelapproachfordiabeticneuropathydiagnosis AT donatellapastore multifractalheartratevalueanalysisanovelapproachfordiabeticneuropathydiagnosis AT francescachiereghin multifractalheartratevalueanalysisanovelapproachfordiabeticneuropathydiagnosis AT giuliadonadel multifractalheartratevalueanalysisanovelapproachfordiabeticneuropathydiagnosis |