Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory
Bacterial extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed, lipid bi-layer nanostructures that carry different classes of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and diverse types of small molecular metabolites, as their cargo. Almost all of the bacteria in the gut secrete extracellular v...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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Series: | Cancers |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5450 |
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author | Sajeen Bahadur Amatya Sonja Salmi Veera Kainulainen Peeter Karihtala Justus Reunanen |
author_facet | Sajeen Bahadur Amatya Sonja Salmi Veera Kainulainen Peeter Karihtala Justus Reunanen |
author_sort | Sajeen Bahadur Amatya |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Bacterial extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed, lipid bi-layer nanostructures that carry different classes of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and diverse types of small molecular metabolites, as their cargo. Almost all of the bacteria in the gut secrete extracellular vesicles to assist them in competition, survival, material exchange, host immune modulation, infection, and invasion. The role of gut microbiota in the development, progression, and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer has been well documented. However, the possible involvement of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in GIT cancer pathophysiology has not been given due attention. Studies have illustrated the ability of bEVs to cross physiological barriers, selectively accumulate near tumor cells, and possibly alter the tumor microenvironment (TME). A systematic search of original published works related to bacterial extracellular vesicles on gastrointestinal cancer was performed for this review. The current systemic review outlines the possible impact of gut microbiota derived bEVs in GIT cancer in light of present-day understanding. The necessity of using advanced sequencing technologies, such as genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic investigation methodologies, to facilitate an understanding of the interrelationship between cancer-associated bacterial vesicles and gastrointestinal cancer is also emphasized. We further discuss the clinical and pharmaceutical potential of bEVs, along with future efforts needed to understand the mechanism of interaction of bEVs in GIT cancer pathogenesis. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:05:52Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-bf5a1a94a0904c528f98a36ee4e09e5a |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2072-6694 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:05:52Z |
publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
record_format | Article |
series | Cancers |
spelling | doaj.art-bf5a1a94a0904c528f98a36ee4e09e5a2023-11-22T20:35:27ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-10-011321545010.3390/cancers13215450Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored TerritorySajeen Bahadur Amatya0Sonja Salmi1Veera Kainulainen2Peeter Karihtala3Justus Reunanen4Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, FinlandBiocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, FinlandHuman Microbiome Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, FinlandBiocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, FinlandBacterial extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed, lipid bi-layer nanostructures that carry different classes of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and diverse types of small molecular metabolites, as their cargo. Almost all of the bacteria in the gut secrete extracellular vesicles to assist them in competition, survival, material exchange, host immune modulation, infection, and invasion. The role of gut microbiota in the development, progression, and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer has been well documented. However, the possible involvement of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in GIT cancer pathophysiology has not been given due attention. Studies have illustrated the ability of bEVs to cross physiological barriers, selectively accumulate near tumor cells, and possibly alter the tumor microenvironment (TME). A systematic search of original published works related to bacterial extracellular vesicles on gastrointestinal cancer was performed for this review. The current systemic review outlines the possible impact of gut microbiota derived bEVs in GIT cancer in light of present-day understanding. The necessity of using advanced sequencing technologies, such as genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic investigation methodologies, to facilitate an understanding of the interrelationship between cancer-associated bacterial vesicles and gastrointestinal cancer is also emphasized. We further discuss the clinical and pharmaceutical potential of bEVs, along with future efforts needed to understand the mechanism of interaction of bEVs in GIT cancer pathogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5450gastrointestinal tractmicrobiotaextracellular vesiclescancer |
spellingShingle | Sajeen Bahadur Amatya Sonja Salmi Veera Kainulainen Peeter Karihtala Justus Reunanen Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory Cancers gastrointestinal tract microbiota extracellular vesicles cancer |
title | Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory |
title_full | Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory |
title_fullStr | Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory |
title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory |
title_short | Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory |
title_sort | bacterial extracellular vesicles in gastrointestinal tract cancer an unexplored territory |
topic | gastrointestinal tract microbiota extracellular vesicles cancer |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5450 |
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