Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory

Bacterial extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed, lipid bi-layer nanostructures that carry different classes of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and diverse types of small molecular metabolites, as their cargo. Almost all of the bacteria in the gut secrete extracellular v...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sajeen Bahadur Amatya, Sonja Salmi, Veera Kainulainen, Peeter Karihtala, Justus Reunanen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-10-01
Series:Cancers
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5450
_version_ 1797512734562058240
author Sajeen Bahadur Amatya
Sonja Salmi
Veera Kainulainen
Peeter Karihtala
Justus Reunanen
author_facet Sajeen Bahadur Amatya
Sonja Salmi
Veera Kainulainen
Peeter Karihtala
Justus Reunanen
author_sort Sajeen Bahadur Amatya
collection DOAJ
description Bacterial extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed, lipid bi-layer nanostructures that carry different classes of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and diverse types of small molecular metabolites, as their cargo. Almost all of the bacteria in the gut secrete extracellular vesicles to assist them in competition, survival, material exchange, host immune modulation, infection, and invasion. The role of gut microbiota in the development, progression, and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer has been well documented. However, the possible involvement of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in GIT cancer pathophysiology has not been given due attention. Studies have illustrated the ability of bEVs to cross physiological barriers, selectively accumulate near tumor cells, and possibly alter the tumor microenvironment (TME). A systematic search of original published works related to bacterial extracellular vesicles on gastrointestinal cancer was performed for this review. The current systemic review outlines the possible impact of gut microbiota derived bEVs in GIT cancer in light of present-day understanding. The necessity of using advanced sequencing technologies, such as genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic investigation methodologies, to facilitate an understanding of the interrelationship between cancer-associated bacterial vesicles and gastrointestinal cancer is also emphasized. We further discuss the clinical and pharmaceutical potential of bEVs, along with future efforts needed to understand the mechanism of interaction of bEVs in GIT cancer pathogenesis.
first_indexed 2024-03-10T06:05:52Z
format Article
id doaj.art-bf5a1a94a0904c528f98a36ee4e09e5a
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 2072-6694
language English
last_indexed 2024-03-10T06:05:52Z
publishDate 2021-10-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Cancers
spelling doaj.art-bf5a1a94a0904c528f98a36ee4e09e5a2023-11-22T20:35:27ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-10-011321545010.3390/cancers13215450Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored TerritorySajeen Bahadur Amatya0Sonja Salmi1Veera Kainulainen2Peeter Karihtala3Justus Reunanen4Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, FinlandBiocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, FinlandHuman Microbiome Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, FinlandBiocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, FinlandBacterial extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed, lipid bi-layer nanostructures that carry different classes of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and diverse types of small molecular metabolites, as their cargo. Almost all of the bacteria in the gut secrete extracellular vesicles to assist them in competition, survival, material exchange, host immune modulation, infection, and invasion. The role of gut microbiota in the development, progression, and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer has been well documented. However, the possible involvement of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in GIT cancer pathophysiology has not been given due attention. Studies have illustrated the ability of bEVs to cross physiological barriers, selectively accumulate near tumor cells, and possibly alter the tumor microenvironment (TME). A systematic search of original published works related to bacterial extracellular vesicles on gastrointestinal cancer was performed for this review. The current systemic review outlines the possible impact of gut microbiota derived bEVs in GIT cancer in light of present-day understanding. The necessity of using advanced sequencing technologies, such as genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic investigation methodologies, to facilitate an understanding of the interrelationship between cancer-associated bacterial vesicles and gastrointestinal cancer is also emphasized. We further discuss the clinical and pharmaceutical potential of bEVs, along with future efforts needed to understand the mechanism of interaction of bEVs in GIT cancer pathogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5450gastrointestinal tractmicrobiotaextracellular vesiclescancer
spellingShingle Sajeen Bahadur Amatya
Sonja Salmi
Veera Kainulainen
Peeter Karihtala
Justus Reunanen
Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory
Cancers
gastrointestinal tract
microbiota
extracellular vesicles
cancer
title Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory
title_full Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory
title_fullStr Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory
title_full_unstemmed Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory
title_short Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory
title_sort bacterial extracellular vesicles in gastrointestinal tract cancer an unexplored territory
topic gastrointestinal tract
microbiota
extracellular vesicles
cancer
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5450
work_keys_str_mv AT sajeenbahaduramatya bacterialextracellularvesiclesingastrointestinaltractcanceranunexploredterritory
AT sonjasalmi bacterialextracellularvesiclesingastrointestinaltractcanceranunexploredterritory
AT veerakainulainen bacterialextracellularvesiclesingastrointestinaltractcanceranunexploredterritory
AT peeterkarihtala bacterialextracellularvesiclesingastrointestinaltractcanceranunexploredterritory
AT justusreunanen bacterialextracellularvesiclesingastrointestinaltractcanceranunexploredterritory