Exploring genetic variability of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raw vegetables and fruits: implications for food safety and public health in Mozambique
Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are etiological agents of enteric diseases characterized by diarrhea that can progress to chronicity in humans, especially in children and in immunocompromised patients. This study aims to assess the genetic pattern of G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi dete...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1223151/full |
| _version_ | 1797735961567690752 |
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| author | Cátia Salamandane Cátia Salamandane Cátia Salamandane Maria Luísa Lobo Sónia Afonso Lihua Xiao Olga Matos Olga Matos |
| author_facet | Cátia Salamandane Cátia Salamandane Cátia Salamandane Maria Luísa Lobo Sónia Afonso Lihua Xiao Olga Matos Olga Matos |
| author_sort | Cátia Salamandane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are etiological agents of enteric diseases characterized by diarrhea that can progress to chronicity in humans, especially in children and in immunocompromised patients. This study aims to assess the genetic pattern of G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi detected in vegetables and fruits commercialized in Maputo markets, Mozambique and determine their public health importance. Eight study points were sampled: a farmer zone, a wholesale, four retail markets, and two supermarkets in Maputo city, where eight types of horticultural products were purchased. Using nested-PCR methods, 2.8% (9/321) and 1.3% (4/321) of samples monitored were positive for G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi, respectively. Based on the analysis of the β-giardin and ITS rRNA sequences of G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi detected, respectively, four different sequences of G. duodenalis (three novel sequences: BgMZ1, BgMZ2, and BgMZ3, and one known sequence) all from assemblage B and three genotypes of E. bieneusi (two novel sequences: EbMZ4 and EbMZ5, and one known sequence: KIN-1) from group 1. These microorganisms were found and characterized for the first time in horticultural products in Maputo markets. All identified G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi display high genetic similarity within their β-giardin and ITS rRNA sequences, respectively, having been clustered into assemblages and genotypes with high zoonotic transmission potential. Our study may represent a relevant step in the understanding of these intestinal pathogens in association with fresh vegetables and fruits for human consumption, for a better and broader “One Health” approach. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:05:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf5e015c14ee4daab209f0b546e5bb4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:05:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf5e015c14ee4daab209f0b546e5bb4c2023-08-28T15:32:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-08-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.12231511223151Exploring genetic variability of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raw vegetables and fruits: implications for food safety and public health in MozambiqueCátia Salamandane0Cátia Salamandane1Cátia Salamandane2Maria Luísa Lobo3Sónia Afonso4Lihua Xiao5Olga Matos6Olga Matos7Group of Opportunistic Protozoa/HIV and Other Protozoa, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology Unit, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, PortugalNova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Carcavelos, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Lúrio, Nampula, MozambiqueGroup of Opportunistic Protozoa/HIV and Other Protozoa, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology Unit, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, PortugalParasitology Department of Veterinary Faculty, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, MozambiqueCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaGroup of Opportunistic Protozoa/HIV and Other Protozoa, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology Unit, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, PortugalEnvironmental Health Institute, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, PortugalGiardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are etiological agents of enteric diseases characterized by diarrhea that can progress to chronicity in humans, especially in children and in immunocompromised patients. This study aims to assess the genetic pattern of G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi detected in vegetables and fruits commercialized in Maputo markets, Mozambique and determine their public health importance. Eight study points were sampled: a farmer zone, a wholesale, four retail markets, and two supermarkets in Maputo city, where eight types of horticultural products were purchased. Using nested-PCR methods, 2.8% (9/321) and 1.3% (4/321) of samples monitored were positive for G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi, respectively. Based on the analysis of the β-giardin and ITS rRNA sequences of G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi detected, respectively, four different sequences of G. duodenalis (three novel sequences: BgMZ1, BgMZ2, and BgMZ3, and one known sequence) all from assemblage B and three genotypes of E. bieneusi (two novel sequences: EbMZ4 and EbMZ5, and one known sequence: KIN-1) from group 1. These microorganisms were found and characterized for the first time in horticultural products in Maputo markets. All identified G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi display high genetic similarity within their β-giardin and ITS rRNA sequences, respectively, having been clustered into assemblages and genotypes with high zoonotic transmission potential. Our study may represent a relevant step in the understanding of these intestinal pathogens in association with fresh vegetables and fruits for human consumption, for a better and broader “One Health” approach.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1223151/fullintestinal protozoamicrosporidiaraw horticultural productsfoodborne diseaseszoonotic transmissionMaputo |
| spellingShingle | Cátia Salamandane Cátia Salamandane Cátia Salamandane Maria Luísa Lobo Sónia Afonso Lihua Xiao Olga Matos Olga Matos Exploring genetic variability of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raw vegetables and fruits: implications for food safety and public health in Mozambique Frontiers in Microbiology intestinal protozoa microsporidia raw horticultural products foodborne diseases zoonotic transmission Maputo |
| title | Exploring genetic variability of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raw vegetables and fruits: implications for food safety and public health in Mozambique |
| title_full | Exploring genetic variability of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raw vegetables and fruits: implications for food safety and public health in Mozambique |
| title_fullStr | Exploring genetic variability of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raw vegetables and fruits: implications for food safety and public health in Mozambique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring genetic variability of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raw vegetables and fruits: implications for food safety and public health in Mozambique |
| title_short | Exploring genetic variability of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raw vegetables and fruits: implications for food safety and public health in Mozambique |
| title_sort | exploring genetic variability of giardia duodenalis and enterocytozoon bieneusi in raw vegetables and fruits implications for food safety and public health in mozambique |
| topic | intestinal protozoa microsporidia raw horticultural products foodborne diseases zoonotic transmission Maputo |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1223151/full |
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