Antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of extracts of <it>Terminalia brownii </it>roots and stem
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Ternimalia brownii </it>Fresen (Combretaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat bacterial, fungal and viral infections. There is a need to evaluate extracts of this plant in order to provide scientific p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2007-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/9 |
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| author | Kapingu Modest C Masimba Pax J Moshi Mainen J Mbwambo Zakaria H Nondo Ramadhani SO |
| author_facet | Kapingu Modest C Masimba Pax J Moshi Mainen J Mbwambo Zakaria H Nondo Ramadhani SO |
| author_sort | Kapingu Modest C |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Ternimalia brownii </it>Fresen (Combretaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat bacterial, fungal and viral infections. There is a need to evaluate extracts of this plant in order to provide scientific proof for it's wide application in traditional medicine system.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Extraction of stem bark, wood and whole roots of <it>T. brownii </it>using solvents of increasing polarity, namely, Pet ether, dichloromethane, dichloromethane: methanol (1:1), methanol and aqua, respectively, afforded dry extracts. The extracts were tested for antifungal and antibacterial activity and for brine shrimp toxicity test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Extracts of the stem bark, wood and whole roots of <it>T. brownii </it>exhibited antibacterial activity against standard strains of <it>Staphylococcus aureus</it>, <it>Escherichia coli</it>, <it>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae</it>, <it>Salmonella typhi</it>, and <it>Bacillus anthracis </it>and the fungi, <it>Candida albicans </it>and <it>Cryptococcus neoformans</it>. Aqueous extracts exhibited the strongest activity against both bacteria and fungi. Extracts of the roots and stem bark exhibited relatively mild cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp larvae with LC<sub>50 </sub>values ranging from 113.75–4356.76 and 36.12–1458.81 μg/ml, respectively. The stem wood extracts exhibited the highest toxicity against the shrimps (LC<sub>50 </sub>values 2.58–14.88 μg/ml), while that of cyclophosphamide, a standard anticancer drug, was 16.33 (10.60–25.15) μg/ml.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These test results support traditional medicinal use of, especially, aqueous extracts for the treatment of conditions such as diarrhea, and gonorrhea. The brine shrimp results depict the general trend among plants of the genus <it>Terminalia</it>, which are known to contain cytotoxic compounds such as hydrolysable tannins. These results warrant follow-up through bioassay-directed isolation of the active principles.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:20:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf7b2ae1e9e845a5a174ab8637dbc8f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6882 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:20:54Z |
| publishDate | 2007-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf7b2ae1e9e845a5a174ab8637dbc8f72022-12-22T03:27:26ZengBMCBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine1472-68822007-03-0171910.1186/1472-6882-7-9Antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of extracts of <it>Terminalia brownii </it>roots and stemKapingu Modest CMasimba Pax JMoshi Mainen JMbwambo Zakaria HNondo Ramadhani SO<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Ternimalia brownii </it>Fresen (Combretaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat bacterial, fungal and viral infections. There is a need to evaluate extracts of this plant in order to provide scientific proof for it's wide application in traditional medicine system.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Extraction of stem bark, wood and whole roots of <it>T. brownii </it>using solvents of increasing polarity, namely, Pet ether, dichloromethane, dichloromethane: methanol (1:1), methanol and aqua, respectively, afforded dry extracts. The extracts were tested for antifungal and antibacterial activity and for brine shrimp toxicity test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Extracts of the stem bark, wood and whole roots of <it>T. brownii </it>exhibited antibacterial activity against standard strains of <it>Staphylococcus aureus</it>, <it>Escherichia coli</it>, <it>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae</it>, <it>Salmonella typhi</it>, and <it>Bacillus anthracis </it>and the fungi, <it>Candida albicans </it>and <it>Cryptococcus neoformans</it>. Aqueous extracts exhibited the strongest activity against both bacteria and fungi. Extracts of the roots and stem bark exhibited relatively mild cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp larvae with LC<sub>50 </sub>values ranging from 113.75–4356.76 and 36.12–1458.81 μg/ml, respectively. The stem wood extracts exhibited the highest toxicity against the shrimps (LC<sub>50 </sub>values 2.58–14.88 μg/ml), while that of cyclophosphamide, a standard anticancer drug, was 16.33 (10.60–25.15) μg/ml.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These test results support traditional medicinal use of, especially, aqueous extracts for the treatment of conditions such as diarrhea, and gonorrhea. The brine shrimp results depict the general trend among plants of the genus <it>Terminalia</it>, which are known to contain cytotoxic compounds such as hydrolysable tannins. These results warrant follow-up through bioassay-directed isolation of the active principles.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/9 |
| spellingShingle | Kapingu Modest C Masimba Pax J Moshi Mainen J Mbwambo Zakaria H Nondo Ramadhani SO Antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of extracts of <it>Terminalia brownii </it>roots and stem BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| title | Antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of extracts of <it>Terminalia brownii </it>roots and stem |
| title_full | Antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of extracts of <it>Terminalia brownii </it>roots and stem |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of extracts of <it>Terminalia brownii </it>roots and stem |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of extracts of <it>Terminalia brownii </it>roots and stem |
| title_short | Antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of extracts of <it>Terminalia brownii </it>roots and stem |
| title_sort | antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of extracts of it terminalia brownii it roots and stem |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/9 |
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