Corrosion resistance and microstructure analysis of additively manufactured 22% chromium duplex stainless steel by laser metal deposition with wire
Microstructure characteristics and pitting corrosion of a duplex stainless steel (DSS) manufactured by laser metal deposition with wire (LMDw) were studied. The layer-by-layer LMDw process resulted in a mixed microstructure of predominantly ferrite with 2% austenite and chromium-rich nitrides, and r...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423021634 |
| _version_ | 1797646674976309248 |
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| author | Amir Baghdadchi Claire Cary Narasi Sridhar Maria Asuncion Valiente Bermejo Carolin Fink Joel Andersson |
| author_facet | Amir Baghdadchi Claire Cary Narasi Sridhar Maria Asuncion Valiente Bermejo Carolin Fink Joel Andersson |
| author_sort | Amir Baghdadchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microstructure characteristics and pitting corrosion of a duplex stainless steel (DSS) manufactured by laser metal deposition with wire (LMDw) were studied. The layer-by-layer LMDw process resulted in a mixed microstructure of predominantly ferrite with 2% austenite and chromium-rich nitrides, and reheated regions with ∼33% austenite. The high cooling rate of LMDw restricted the distribution of Cr, Mo, and Ni, in ferrite and austenite, while N diffuses from ferrite to austenite. Subsequent heat treatment at 1100 °C for 1 h resulted in homogenized microstructure, dissolution of nitrides, and balanced ferrite/austenite ratio. It also led to the redistribution of Cr and Mo to ferrite, and Ni and N to austenite. At room temperature, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements in 1.0 M NaCl solution showed no significant differences in corrosion resistance between the as-deposited and heat-treated samples, despite the differences in terms of ferrite to austenite ratio and elemental distribution. Critical pitting temperature (CPT) was the lowest (60 °C) for the predominantly ferritic microstructure with finely dispersed chromium-rich nitrides; while reheated area with ∼33% austenite in as-deposited condition achieved higher critical temperature comparable to what was obtained after heat treatment (73 and 68 °C, respectively). At temperatures above the CPT, selective dissolution of the ferrite after deposition was observed due to depletion of N, while after heat treatment, austenite preferentially dissolved due to Cr and Mo concentrating in ferrite. In summary, results demonstrate how microstructural differences in terms of ferrite-to-austenite ratio, distribution of corrosion-resistant elements, and presence of nitrides affect corrosion resistance of LMDw DSS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:05:04Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:05:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf7ed5c9e872467bb684d32c2d558b7c2023-10-30T06:04:23ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542023-09-012667416756Corrosion resistance and microstructure analysis of additively manufactured 22% chromium duplex stainless steel by laser metal deposition with wireAmir Baghdadchi0Claire Cary1Narasi Sridhar2Maria Asuncion Valiente Bermejo3Carolin Fink4Joel Andersson5Department of Engineering Science, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden; Corresponding author.Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USADepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USADepartment of Engineering Science, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, SwedenDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USADepartment of Engineering Science, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, SwedenMicrostructure characteristics and pitting corrosion of a duplex stainless steel (DSS) manufactured by laser metal deposition with wire (LMDw) were studied. The layer-by-layer LMDw process resulted in a mixed microstructure of predominantly ferrite with 2% austenite and chromium-rich nitrides, and reheated regions with ∼33% austenite. The high cooling rate of LMDw restricted the distribution of Cr, Mo, and Ni, in ferrite and austenite, while N diffuses from ferrite to austenite. Subsequent heat treatment at 1100 °C for 1 h resulted in homogenized microstructure, dissolution of nitrides, and balanced ferrite/austenite ratio. It also led to the redistribution of Cr and Mo to ferrite, and Ni and N to austenite. At room temperature, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements in 1.0 M NaCl solution showed no significant differences in corrosion resistance between the as-deposited and heat-treated samples, despite the differences in terms of ferrite to austenite ratio and elemental distribution. Critical pitting temperature (CPT) was the lowest (60 °C) for the predominantly ferritic microstructure with finely dispersed chromium-rich nitrides; while reheated area with ∼33% austenite in as-deposited condition achieved higher critical temperature comparable to what was obtained after heat treatment (73 and 68 °C, respectively). At temperatures above the CPT, selective dissolution of the ferrite after deposition was observed due to depletion of N, while after heat treatment, austenite preferentially dissolved due to Cr and Mo concentrating in ferrite. In summary, results demonstrate how microstructural differences in terms of ferrite-to-austenite ratio, distribution of corrosion-resistant elements, and presence of nitrides affect corrosion resistance of LMDw DSS.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423021634Additive manufacturingDuplex stainless steelLaser metal depositionLocalized corrosionMicrostructure-property relation |
| spellingShingle | Amir Baghdadchi Claire Cary Narasi Sridhar Maria Asuncion Valiente Bermejo Carolin Fink Joel Andersson Corrosion resistance and microstructure analysis of additively manufactured 22% chromium duplex stainless steel by laser metal deposition with wire Journal of Materials Research and Technology Additive manufacturing Duplex stainless steel Laser metal deposition Localized corrosion Microstructure-property relation |
| title | Corrosion resistance and microstructure analysis of additively manufactured 22% chromium duplex stainless steel by laser metal deposition with wire |
| title_full | Corrosion resistance and microstructure analysis of additively manufactured 22% chromium duplex stainless steel by laser metal deposition with wire |
| title_fullStr | Corrosion resistance and microstructure analysis of additively manufactured 22% chromium duplex stainless steel by laser metal deposition with wire |
| title_full_unstemmed | Corrosion resistance and microstructure analysis of additively manufactured 22% chromium duplex stainless steel by laser metal deposition with wire |
| title_short | Corrosion resistance and microstructure analysis of additively manufactured 22% chromium duplex stainless steel by laser metal deposition with wire |
| title_sort | corrosion resistance and microstructure analysis of additively manufactured 22 chromium duplex stainless steel by laser metal deposition with wire |
| topic | Additive manufacturing Duplex stainless steel Laser metal deposition Localized corrosion Microstructure-property relation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423021634 |
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