Comprehensive Analysis of GASA Family Members in the Peanut Genome: Identification, Characterization, and Their Expressions in Response to Pod Development
The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is essential for plant growth and development, hormone level control, and phytohormone signal transmission. Different plants have been shown to contain numerous GASA homologs. However, there is no knowledge about these proteins in peanut...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3067 |
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| author | Yue Wu Ziqi Sun Feiyan Qi Mingbo Zhao Wenzhao Dong Bingyan Huang Zheng Zheng Xinyou Zhang |
| author_facet | Yue Wu Ziqi Sun Feiyan Qi Mingbo Zhao Wenzhao Dong Bingyan Huang Zheng Zheng Xinyou Zhang |
| author_sort | Yue Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is essential for plant growth and development, hormone level control, and phytohormone signal transmission. Different plants have been shown to contain numerous GASA homologs. However, there is no knowledge about these proteins in peanuts. In the current study, we performed a thorough bioinformatics and expression analysis and found 20, 22, and 40 GASA genes by genome-wide analyses of <i>A. hypogaea</i> L., <i>A. duranensis</i>, and <i>A. ipaensis</i>, respectively. We analyzed and predicted the physical properties of these genes. Based on the results of our phylogenetic analysis, the evolutionary tree constructed from the 40 AhGASA proteins was divided into seven categories, forming a total of 14 gene pairs. According to our observations, tandem duplication is a significant factor in the expansion of the GASA gene family. AhGASA was unevenly distributed on 20 chromosomes, and 17 tandem duplicated genes were identified. A co-lineage analysis with the A/B subgenome identified 69 linear/parallel homologous gene pairs. A cis-element analysis revealed that the AhGASA protein is crucial for hormone responsiveness. In materials with different size traits at various stages of peanut pod development, transcriptomics and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that AhGASA genes are expressed at various levels and are tissue-specific. This finding suggests that some AhGASA genes may be involved in controlling peanut pod size. This study suggests that GASA genes are crucial for controlling the development of peanut pods and provides the first systematic identification and analysis of GASA genes in peanut. These findings will help future research into the function of the GASA gene in the cultivated peanut. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:26:17Z |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:26:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf8118abc12340658bc9015ffbd243982023-11-24T12:45:53ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-12-011212306710.3390/agronomy12123067Comprehensive Analysis of GASA Family Members in the Peanut Genome: Identification, Characterization, and Their Expressions in Response to Pod DevelopmentYue Wu0Ziqi Sun1Feiyan Qi2Mingbo Zhao3Wenzhao Dong4Bingyan Huang5Zheng Zheng6Xinyou Zhang7School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaHenan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaHenan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaHenan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaHenan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaHenan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaHenan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaThe gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is essential for plant growth and development, hormone level control, and phytohormone signal transmission. Different plants have been shown to contain numerous GASA homologs. However, there is no knowledge about these proteins in peanuts. In the current study, we performed a thorough bioinformatics and expression analysis and found 20, 22, and 40 GASA genes by genome-wide analyses of <i>A. hypogaea</i> L., <i>A. duranensis</i>, and <i>A. ipaensis</i>, respectively. We analyzed and predicted the physical properties of these genes. Based on the results of our phylogenetic analysis, the evolutionary tree constructed from the 40 AhGASA proteins was divided into seven categories, forming a total of 14 gene pairs. According to our observations, tandem duplication is a significant factor in the expansion of the GASA gene family. AhGASA was unevenly distributed on 20 chromosomes, and 17 tandem duplicated genes were identified. A co-lineage analysis with the A/B subgenome identified 69 linear/parallel homologous gene pairs. A cis-element analysis revealed that the AhGASA protein is crucial for hormone responsiveness. In materials with different size traits at various stages of peanut pod development, transcriptomics and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that AhGASA genes are expressed at various levels and are tissue-specific. This finding suggests that some AhGASA genes may be involved in controlling peanut pod size. This study suggests that GASA genes are crucial for controlling the development of peanut pods and provides the first systematic identification and analysis of GASA genes in peanut. These findings will help future research into the function of the GASA gene in the cultivated peanut.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3067expression profileGASAgenome-widepeanutplant gene familiespod development |
| spellingShingle | Yue Wu Ziqi Sun Feiyan Qi Mingbo Zhao Wenzhao Dong Bingyan Huang Zheng Zheng Xinyou Zhang Comprehensive Analysis of GASA Family Members in the Peanut Genome: Identification, Characterization, and Their Expressions in Response to Pod Development Agronomy expression profile GASA genome-wide peanut plant gene families pod development |
| title | Comprehensive Analysis of GASA Family Members in the Peanut Genome: Identification, Characterization, and Their Expressions in Response to Pod Development |
| title_full | Comprehensive Analysis of GASA Family Members in the Peanut Genome: Identification, Characterization, and Their Expressions in Response to Pod Development |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Analysis of GASA Family Members in the Peanut Genome: Identification, Characterization, and Their Expressions in Response to Pod Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Analysis of GASA Family Members in the Peanut Genome: Identification, Characterization, and Their Expressions in Response to Pod Development |
| title_short | Comprehensive Analysis of GASA Family Members in the Peanut Genome: Identification, Characterization, and Their Expressions in Response to Pod Development |
| title_sort | comprehensive analysis of gasa family members in the peanut genome identification characterization and their expressions in response to pod development |
| topic | expression profile GASA genome-wide peanut plant gene families pod development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3067 |
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