Potential determinants of antibody responses after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in older persons: the Doetinchem Cohort Study
Abstract Background Immune responses to vaccination vary widely between individuals. The aim of this study was to identify health-related variables potentially underlying the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in older persons. We recruited participants in the long-running Doetinchem Cohor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Immunity & Ageing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00382-4 |
| _version_ | 1827708332151930880 |
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| author | Yunus Kuijpers H. Susan J. Picavet Lia de Rond Mary-lène de Zeeuw-Brouwer Ryanne Rutkens Esther Gijsbers Irene Slits Peter Engelfriet Anne-Marie Buisman W. M. Monique Verschuren |
| author_facet | Yunus Kuijpers H. Susan J. Picavet Lia de Rond Mary-lène de Zeeuw-Brouwer Ryanne Rutkens Esther Gijsbers Irene Slits Peter Engelfriet Anne-Marie Buisman W. M. Monique Verschuren |
| author_sort | Yunus Kuijpers |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Immune responses to vaccination vary widely between individuals. The aim of this study was to identify health-related variables potentially underlying the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in older persons. We recruited participants in the long-running Doetinchem Cohort Study (DCS) who underwent vaccination as part of the national COVID-19 program, and measured antibody concentrations to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S1) and Nucleoprotein (N) at baseline (T0), and a month after both the first vaccination (T1), and the second vaccination (T2). Associations between the antibody concentrations and demographic variables, including age, sex, socio-economic status (SES), comorbidities (cardiovascular diseases and immune mediated diseases), various health parameters (cardiometabolic markers, inflammation markers, kidney- and lung function) and a composite measure of frailty (‘frailty index’, ranging from 0 to 1) were tested using multivariate models. Results We included 1457 persons aged 50 to 92 years old. Of these persons 1257 were infection naïve after their primary vaccination series. The majority (N = 954) of these individuals were vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer) and their data were used for further analysis. A higher frailty index was associated with lower anti-S1 antibody responses at T1 and T2 for both men (R T1 = -0.095, P T1 = 0.05; R T2 = -0.11, P T2 = 0.02) and women (R T1 = -0.24, P T1 < 0.01; R T2 = -0.15, P T2 < 0.01). After correcting for age and sex the frailty index was also associated with the relative increase in anti-S1 IgG concentrations between the two vaccinations (β = 1.6, P < 0.01). Within the construct of frailty, history of a cardiac catheterization, diabetes, gastrointestinal disease, a cognitive speed in the lowest decile of the population distribution, and impaired lung function were associated with lower antibody responses after both vaccinations. Conclusions Components of frailty play a key role in the primary vaccination response to the BNT162b2 vaccine within an ageing population. Older persons with various comorbidities have a lowered immune response after their first vaccination, and while frail and sick older persons see a stronger increase after their second vaccination compared to healthy people, they still have a lower antibody response after their second vaccination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:03:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf89fca5391c469584aad6546749700f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-4933 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:03:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Immunity & Ageing |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf89fca5391c469584aad6546749700f2023-11-20T10:55:18ZengBMCImmunity & Ageing1742-49332023-10-0120111110.1186/s12979-023-00382-4Potential determinants of antibody responses after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in older persons: the Doetinchem Cohort StudyYunus Kuijpers0H. Susan J. Picavet1Lia de Rond2Mary-lène de Zeeuw-Brouwer3Ryanne Rutkens4Esther Gijsbers5Irene Slits6Peter Engelfriet7Anne-Marie Buisman8W. M. Monique Verschuren9Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Abstract Background Immune responses to vaccination vary widely between individuals. The aim of this study was to identify health-related variables potentially underlying the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in older persons. We recruited participants in the long-running Doetinchem Cohort Study (DCS) who underwent vaccination as part of the national COVID-19 program, and measured antibody concentrations to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S1) and Nucleoprotein (N) at baseline (T0), and a month after both the first vaccination (T1), and the second vaccination (T2). Associations between the antibody concentrations and demographic variables, including age, sex, socio-economic status (SES), comorbidities (cardiovascular diseases and immune mediated diseases), various health parameters (cardiometabolic markers, inflammation markers, kidney- and lung function) and a composite measure of frailty (‘frailty index’, ranging from 0 to 1) were tested using multivariate models. Results We included 1457 persons aged 50 to 92 years old. Of these persons 1257 were infection naïve after their primary vaccination series. The majority (N = 954) of these individuals were vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer) and their data were used for further analysis. A higher frailty index was associated with lower anti-S1 antibody responses at T1 and T2 for both men (R T1 = -0.095, P T1 = 0.05; R T2 = -0.11, P T2 = 0.02) and women (R T1 = -0.24, P T1 < 0.01; R T2 = -0.15, P T2 < 0.01). After correcting for age and sex the frailty index was also associated with the relative increase in anti-S1 IgG concentrations between the two vaccinations (β = 1.6, P < 0.01). Within the construct of frailty, history of a cardiac catheterization, diabetes, gastrointestinal disease, a cognitive speed in the lowest decile of the population distribution, and impaired lung function were associated with lower antibody responses after both vaccinations. Conclusions Components of frailty play a key role in the primary vaccination response to the BNT162b2 vaccine within an ageing population. Older persons with various comorbidities have a lowered immune response after their first vaccination, and while frail and sick older persons see a stronger increase after their second vaccination compared to healthy people, they still have a lower antibody response after their second vaccination.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00382-4COVID-19 vaccinationAntibody responsesAgeFrailtyComorbidityLifestyle deficits |
| spellingShingle | Yunus Kuijpers H. Susan J. Picavet Lia de Rond Mary-lène de Zeeuw-Brouwer Ryanne Rutkens Esther Gijsbers Irene Slits Peter Engelfriet Anne-Marie Buisman W. M. Monique Verschuren Potential determinants of antibody responses after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in older persons: the Doetinchem Cohort Study Immunity & Ageing COVID-19 vaccination Antibody responses Age Frailty Comorbidity Lifestyle deficits |
| title | Potential determinants of antibody responses after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in older persons: the Doetinchem Cohort Study |
| title_full | Potential determinants of antibody responses after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in older persons: the Doetinchem Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | Potential determinants of antibody responses after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in older persons: the Doetinchem Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential determinants of antibody responses after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in older persons: the Doetinchem Cohort Study |
| title_short | Potential determinants of antibody responses after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in older persons: the Doetinchem Cohort Study |
| title_sort | potential determinants of antibody responses after vaccination against sars cov 2 in older persons the doetinchem cohort study |
| topic | COVID-19 vaccination Antibody responses Age Frailty Comorbidity Lifestyle deficits |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00382-4 |
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