| Summary: | The diversity of triticale Vrn genes influencing the duration of the interphase period “shoots–earing” and the total length of the growing period of plants is lesser than that of wheat. For its diversification and breading purposes, hybrids were made by using the original parental forms – an original collection of isogenic lines of octaploid triticale with different Vrn genes, as well as by using breeding lines of hexaploid triticale and a winter variety, Sirs 57.The aim of this work was to conduct a comparative study of the duration of the interphase period “shoots–earing” in the initial parental forms and triticale F3 hybrids having different combinations of pairs of the dominant genes Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 and Vrn-D4. It is shown that, according to the strength of the phenotype expression of the gene pairs (the shorter the interphase period “shoots–earing”, the stronger the activity of the genes), octaploid hybrids ranged as following: (VrnA1×VrnD1) ≥ (VrnB1×VrnD1) ≥ (VrnA1×VrnD4) = (VrnA1×VrnВ1) > (VrnD1×VrnD4), and the hybrids between octaploid and hexaploid triticales have the following order: (VrnD1×Sirs 57) > (VrnВ1×Sirs 57) ≥ (VrnD4×Sirs 57/2/4) > (VrnВ1×Tsekad 90/5). At the level of expression of the dominant genes, the hybrids obtained from the crosses of different levels of ploidy did not differ from the original maternal octaploid forms. The combination of two dominant genes in the hybrids, except for the combination VrnD1×VrnD4, in homozygous or heterozygous state in the genotype of plants shortened the interphase period “shoots–earing” in comparison with the parental forms and the joint action of the VrnA1 and VrnD1 genes resulted in the emergence of plants with the shortest interphase period in comparison with all triticale forms studied.
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