Imaging single retrovirus entry through alternative receptor isoforms and intermediates of virus-endosome fusion.
A large group of viruses rely on low pH to activate their fusion proteins that merge the viral envelope with an endosomal membrane, releasing the viral nucleocapsid. A critical barrier to understanding these events has been the lack of approaches to study virus-cell membrane fusion within acidic end...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3024281?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819265468243902464 |
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| author | Naveen K Jha Olga Latinovic Erik Martin Gennadiy Novitskiy Mariana Marin Kosuke Miyauchi John Naughton John A T Young Gregory B Melikyan |
| author_facet | Naveen K Jha Olga Latinovic Erik Martin Gennadiy Novitskiy Mariana Marin Kosuke Miyauchi John Naughton John A T Young Gregory B Melikyan |
| author_sort | Naveen K Jha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A large group of viruses rely on low pH to activate their fusion proteins that merge the viral envelope with an endosomal membrane, releasing the viral nucleocapsid. A critical barrier to understanding these events has been the lack of approaches to study virus-cell membrane fusion within acidic endosomes, the natural sites of virus nucleocapsid capsid entry into the cytosol. Here we have investigated these events using the highly tractable subgroup A avian sarcoma and leukosis virus envelope glycoprotein (EnvA)-TVA receptor system. Through labeling EnvA pseudotyped viruses with a pH-sensitive fluorescent marker, we imaged their entry into mildly acidic compartments. We found that cells expressing the transmembrane receptor (TVA950) internalized the virus much faster than those expressing the GPI-anchored receptor isoform (TVA800). Surprisingly, TVA800 did not accelerate virus uptake compared to cells lacking the receptor. Subsequent steps of virus entry were visualized by incorporating a small viral content marker that was released into the cytosol as a result of fusion. EnvA-dependent fusion with TVA800-expressing cells occurred shortly after endocytosis and delivery into acidic endosomes, whereas fusion of viruses internalized through TVA950 was delayed. In the latter case, a relatively stable hemifusion-like intermediate preceded the fusion pore opening. The apparent size and stability of nascent fusion pores depended on the TVA isoforms and their expression levels, with TVA950 supporting more robust pores and a higher efficiency of infection compared to TVA800. These results demonstrate that surface receptor density and the intracellular trafficking pathway used are important determinants of efficient EnvA-mediated membrane fusion, and suggest that early fusion intermediates play a critical role in establishing low pH-dependent virus entry from within acidic endosomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:45:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf9bba3eb27742d0aeade462bd84a881 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:45:51Z |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf9bba3eb27742d0aeade462bd84a8812022-12-21T17:31:48ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742011-01-0171e100126010.1371/journal.ppat.1001260Imaging single retrovirus entry through alternative receptor isoforms and intermediates of virus-endosome fusion.Naveen K JhaOlga LatinovicErik MartinGennadiy NovitskiyMariana MarinKosuke MiyauchiJohn NaughtonJohn A T YoungGregory B MelikyanA large group of viruses rely on low pH to activate their fusion proteins that merge the viral envelope with an endosomal membrane, releasing the viral nucleocapsid. A critical barrier to understanding these events has been the lack of approaches to study virus-cell membrane fusion within acidic endosomes, the natural sites of virus nucleocapsid capsid entry into the cytosol. Here we have investigated these events using the highly tractable subgroup A avian sarcoma and leukosis virus envelope glycoprotein (EnvA)-TVA receptor system. Through labeling EnvA pseudotyped viruses with a pH-sensitive fluorescent marker, we imaged their entry into mildly acidic compartments. We found that cells expressing the transmembrane receptor (TVA950) internalized the virus much faster than those expressing the GPI-anchored receptor isoform (TVA800). Surprisingly, TVA800 did not accelerate virus uptake compared to cells lacking the receptor. Subsequent steps of virus entry were visualized by incorporating a small viral content marker that was released into the cytosol as a result of fusion. EnvA-dependent fusion with TVA800-expressing cells occurred shortly after endocytosis and delivery into acidic endosomes, whereas fusion of viruses internalized through TVA950 was delayed. In the latter case, a relatively stable hemifusion-like intermediate preceded the fusion pore opening. The apparent size and stability of nascent fusion pores depended on the TVA isoforms and their expression levels, with TVA950 supporting more robust pores and a higher efficiency of infection compared to TVA800. These results demonstrate that surface receptor density and the intracellular trafficking pathway used are important determinants of efficient EnvA-mediated membrane fusion, and suggest that early fusion intermediates play a critical role in establishing low pH-dependent virus entry from within acidic endosomes.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3024281?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Naveen K Jha Olga Latinovic Erik Martin Gennadiy Novitskiy Mariana Marin Kosuke Miyauchi John Naughton John A T Young Gregory B Melikyan Imaging single retrovirus entry through alternative receptor isoforms and intermediates of virus-endosome fusion. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | Imaging single retrovirus entry through alternative receptor isoforms and intermediates of virus-endosome fusion. |
| title_full | Imaging single retrovirus entry through alternative receptor isoforms and intermediates of virus-endosome fusion. |
| title_fullStr | Imaging single retrovirus entry through alternative receptor isoforms and intermediates of virus-endosome fusion. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imaging single retrovirus entry through alternative receptor isoforms and intermediates of virus-endosome fusion. |
| title_short | Imaging single retrovirus entry through alternative receptor isoforms and intermediates of virus-endosome fusion. |
| title_sort | imaging single retrovirus entry through alternative receptor isoforms and intermediates of virus endosome fusion |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3024281?pdf=render |
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