Spatial variations and determinants of iron containing foods consumption among 6–23 months old children in Ethiopia: spatial, and multilevel analysis
Abstract Consuming foods high in iron benefits metabolic processes as well as the development of the neonatal and fetal brain. Despite the significance of eating foods high in iron for public health, Ethiopian practices are still limited when compared to the World Health Organization's (WHO) as...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54959-0 |
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| author | Bewuketu Terefe Mahlet Moges Jembere Birhanu Abie Mekonnen |
| author_facet | Bewuketu Terefe Mahlet Moges Jembere Birhanu Abie Mekonnen |
| author_sort | Bewuketu Terefe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Consuming foods high in iron benefits metabolic processes as well as the development of the neonatal and fetal brain. Despite the significance of eating foods high in iron for public health, Ethiopian practices are still limited when compared to the World Health Organization's (WHO) assessment of its consumption of such foods. This study used the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) to evaluate the consumption of iron-rich foods, regional clustering, and related characteristics among children aged 6–23 months. The information was taken from the typical EDHS 2019 dataset, which included a weighted sample of 1572 young children aged 6–23 months old in total. Utilizing Kuldorff's SaTScan version 9.6 software, spatial scan statistics were produced. Software from ArcGIS 10.8 was used to display the regional distribution of inadequate consumption of foods high in iron. Utilizing multilevel or mixed effects logistic regression analysis, the associated determinants for a healthy diet rich in foods containing iron were found. In the final model, a P-value of < 0.05 was announced as a statistical significance variable. Overall, in Ethiopia, children aged 6–23 months consumed iron-rich foods at a rate of 27.14% (95% CI 24.99–29.39). Poor intake of foods heavy in iron is concentrated in Ethiopia's regional states of Afar, a sizable portion of Amhara, Oromia, Tigray, Somali, Gambela, and SNNPS. Primary and secondary education (AOR = 1.73, CI 95%: 1.23, 2.41), and (AOR = 1.97,CI 95%: 1.25, 3.10), having ≥ 2 under five children, and current status of breastfeeding (AOR = 0.62 (CI 95%: 0.45, 0.84), and (AOR = 0.32, CI 95%: 0.23, 0.44), giving birth at health facilities (AOR = 1.51, CI 95%: 1.06, 2.13),being from Afar and Somali regions (AOR = 0.39, 95%: 0.17, 0.93), and (AOR = 0.26, CI 95%: 0.10, 0.69) have shown statistically significant association with the outcome variable respectively. In Ethiopia, providing high-iron meals and supplements to under-2-year-old children represents minimal, but persistent, public health expenses. Based on the identified determinants, the Ethiopian federal ministry of health and other stakeholders should pay special attention to the locations designated as hot spots for maternal and child health service enhancement to promote the consumption of iron-rich meals among children aged 6–23 months. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:10:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf9e0471ef6e4e329a140875ee43c4fc |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:10:27Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-bf9e0471ef6e4e329a140875ee43c4fc2024-03-05T18:40:52ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-02-0114111510.1038/s41598-024-54959-0Spatial variations and determinants of iron containing foods consumption among 6–23 months old children in Ethiopia: spatial, and multilevel analysisBewuketu Terefe0Mahlet Moges Jembere1Birhanu Abie Mekonnen2Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarAbstract Consuming foods high in iron benefits metabolic processes as well as the development of the neonatal and fetal brain. Despite the significance of eating foods high in iron for public health, Ethiopian practices are still limited when compared to the World Health Organization's (WHO) assessment of its consumption of such foods. This study used the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) to evaluate the consumption of iron-rich foods, regional clustering, and related characteristics among children aged 6–23 months. The information was taken from the typical EDHS 2019 dataset, which included a weighted sample of 1572 young children aged 6–23 months old in total. Utilizing Kuldorff's SaTScan version 9.6 software, spatial scan statistics were produced. Software from ArcGIS 10.8 was used to display the regional distribution of inadequate consumption of foods high in iron. Utilizing multilevel or mixed effects logistic regression analysis, the associated determinants for a healthy diet rich in foods containing iron were found. In the final model, a P-value of < 0.05 was announced as a statistical significance variable. Overall, in Ethiopia, children aged 6–23 months consumed iron-rich foods at a rate of 27.14% (95% CI 24.99–29.39). Poor intake of foods heavy in iron is concentrated in Ethiopia's regional states of Afar, a sizable portion of Amhara, Oromia, Tigray, Somali, Gambela, and SNNPS. Primary and secondary education (AOR = 1.73, CI 95%: 1.23, 2.41), and (AOR = 1.97,CI 95%: 1.25, 3.10), having ≥ 2 under five children, and current status of breastfeeding (AOR = 0.62 (CI 95%: 0.45, 0.84), and (AOR = 0.32, CI 95%: 0.23, 0.44), giving birth at health facilities (AOR = 1.51, CI 95%: 1.06, 2.13),being from Afar and Somali regions (AOR = 0.39, 95%: 0.17, 0.93), and (AOR = 0.26, CI 95%: 0.10, 0.69) have shown statistically significant association with the outcome variable respectively. In Ethiopia, providing high-iron meals and supplements to under-2-year-old children represents minimal, but persistent, public health expenses. Based on the identified determinants, the Ethiopian federal ministry of health and other stakeholders should pay special attention to the locations designated as hot spots for maternal and child health service enhancement to promote the consumption of iron-rich meals among children aged 6–23 months.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54959-0Iron containing foodSpatial variationChildrenDeterminantsMultilevel analysisEthiopia |
| spellingShingle | Bewuketu Terefe Mahlet Moges Jembere Birhanu Abie Mekonnen Spatial variations and determinants of iron containing foods consumption among 6–23 months old children in Ethiopia: spatial, and multilevel analysis Scientific Reports Iron containing food Spatial variation Children Determinants Multilevel analysis Ethiopia |
| title | Spatial variations and determinants of iron containing foods consumption among 6–23 months old children in Ethiopia: spatial, and multilevel analysis |
| title_full | Spatial variations and determinants of iron containing foods consumption among 6–23 months old children in Ethiopia: spatial, and multilevel analysis |
| title_fullStr | Spatial variations and determinants of iron containing foods consumption among 6–23 months old children in Ethiopia: spatial, and multilevel analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial variations and determinants of iron containing foods consumption among 6–23 months old children in Ethiopia: spatial, and multilevel analysis |
| title_short | Spatial variations and determinants of iron containing foods consumption among 6–23 months old children in Ethiopia: spatial, and multilevel analysis |
| title_sort | spatial variations and determinants of iron containing foods consumption among 6 23 months old children in ethiopia spatial and multilevel analysis |
| topic | Iron containing food Spatial variation Children Determinants Multilevel analysis Ethiopia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54959-0 |
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