PEASANT FARMS OF THE TSAROSELSKY UEZD OF ST. PETERSBURG PROVINCE ON THE TURN OF THE XIX - XX CENTURIES (AGRICULTURE AND CRAFTS)
The article studies the state of peasant households in the Tsarskoselsky Uyezd of the St. Petersburg Governorate in the late XIX - early XX centuries using mainly materials from zemstvo surveys. The paper reveals the distribution of peasant households’ labour force between agriculture and other occu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
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Bunin Yelets State University
2021-09-01
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| Series: | История: факты и символы |
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| Online Access: | https://hisfas.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/96 |
| _version_ | 1797366444678184960 |
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| author | V. N. Nikulin |
| author_facet | V. N. Nikulin |
| author_sort | V. N. Nikulin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The article studies the state of peasant households in the Tsarskoselsky Uyezd of the St. Petersburg Governorate in the late XIX - early XX centuries using mainly materials from zemstvo surveys. The paper reveals the distribution of peasant households’ labour force between agriculture and other occupations, and it notes the character of male and female labour. If the men engaged mainly in various other occupations, with the predominance of seasonal employment, the women mostly worked the fields, engaged in household work, and focused on local occupations. Additionally, the article raises the issue of territorial distribution of other occupations, determining that the majority of peasants worked within the province, such as within the administrative boundaries of their volost or county, as well as in the capital. The paper shows influence of climatic conditions, St. Petersburg, infrastructural changes in the transport system of the North-West on the processes that took place in the economic life of the peasants of Tsarskoselsky Uyezd. It concludes that the number of farms that were jointly commercial and agricultural in nature overshadows those peasant households in which the peasants engaged only in agriculture or only in other occupations. Non-agricultural latrines were one of the most important elements of village life. For many farmers, additional earnings were almost the only source of income, since agricultural labor on allotment land did not provide for their lives, became unprofitable and continued to exist only thanks to fishing earnings. Otkhodnichestvo undermined the foundations of a large Patriarchal family, affected the situation of farmers, both involved in the retreat and left at home, had a serious impact on the socio-psychological appearance of farmers engaged in crafts |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:05:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bfaa8915b4d14a798132c7d249e4cb49 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2410-4205 2949-2866 |
| language | Russian |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:05:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Bunin Yelets State University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | История: факты и символы |
| spelling | doaj.art-bfaa8915b4d14a798132c7d249e4cb492024-01-04T05:33:37ZrusBunin Yelets State UniversityИстория: факты и символы2410-42052949-28662021-09-01028810010.24888/2410-4205-2020-23-2-88-10095PEASANT FARMS OF THE TSAROSELSKY UEZD OF ST. PETERSBURG PROVINCE ON THE TURN OF THE XIX - XX CENTURIES (AGRICULTURE AND CRAFTS)V. N. Nikulin0Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Kant Baltic Federal UniversityThe article studies the state of peasant households in the Tsarskoselsky Uyezd of the St. Petersburg Governorate in the late XIX - early XX centuries using mainly materials from zemstvo surveys. The paper reveals the distribution of peasant households’ labour force between agriculture and other occupations, and it notes the character of male and female labour. If the men engaged mainly in various other occupations, with the predominance of seasonal employment, the women mostly worked the fields, engaged in household work, and focused on local occupations. Additionally, the article raises the issue of territorial distribution of other occupations, determining that the majority of peasants worked within the province, such as within the administrative boundaries of their volost or county, as well as in the capital. The paper shows influence of climatic conditions, St. Petersburg, infrastructural changes in the transport system of the North-West on the processes that took place in the economic life of the peasants of Tsarskoselsky Uyezd. It concludes that the number of farms that were jointly commercial and agricultural in nature overshadows those peasant households in which the peasants engaged only in agriculture or only in other occupations. Non-agricultural latrines were one of the most important elements of village life. For many farmers, additional earnings were almost the only source of income, since agricultural labor on allotment land did not provide for their lives, became unprofitable and continued to exist only thanks to fishing earnings. Otkhodnichestvo undermined the foundations of a large Patriarchal family, affected the situation of farmers, both involved in the retreat and left at home, had a serious impact on the socio-psychological appearance of farmers engaged in craftshttps://hisfas.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/96st. petersburg governoratetsarskoselsky uyezdpeasantryagriculturefarmingpeasant occupationsseasonal work |
| spellingShingle | V. N. Nikulin PEASANT FARMS OF THE TSAROSELSKY UEZD OF ST. PETERSBURG PROVINCE ON THE TURN OF THE XIX - XX CENTURIES (AGRICULTURE AND CRAFTS) История: факты и символы st. petersburg governorate tsarskoselsky uyezd peasantry agriculture farming peasant occupations seasonal work |
| title | PEASANT FARMS OF THE TSAROSELSKY UEZD OF ST. PETERSBURG PROVINCE ON THE TURN OF THE XIX - XX CENTURIES (AGRICULTURE AND CRAFTS) |
| title_full | PEASANT FARMS OF THE TSAROSELSKY UEZD OF ST. PETERSBURG PROVINCE ON THE TURN OF THE XIX - XX CENTURIES (AGRICULTURE AND CRAFTS) |
| title_fullStr | PEASANT FARMS OF THE TSAROSELSKY UEZD OF ST. PETERSBURG PROVINCE ON THE TURN OF THE XIX - XX CENTURIES (AGRICULTURE AND CRAFTS) |
| title_full_unstemmed | PEASANT FARMS OF THE TSAROSELSKY UEZD OF ST. PETERSBURG PROVINCE ON THE TURN OF THE XIX - XX CENTURIES (AGRICULTURE AND CRAFTS) |
| title_short | PEASANT FARMS OF THE TSAROSELSKY UEZD OF ST. PETERSBURG PROVINCE ON THE TURN OF THE XIX - XX CENTURIES (AGRICULTURE AND CRAFTS) |
| title_sort | peasant farms of the tsaroselsky uezd of st petersburg province on the turn of the xix xx centuries agriculture and crafts |
| topic | st. petersburg governorate tsarskoselsky uyezd peasantry agriculture farming peasant occupations seasonal work |
| url | https://hisfas.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/96 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vnnikulin peasantfarmsofthetsaroselskyuezdofstpetersburgprovinceontheturnofthexixxxcenturiesagricultureandcrafts |