Neuroprotective Effect of <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i>’ Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Seizures and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration
This study aimed to investigate whether the <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i> (PB)’ water extract (PBWE) ameliorates trimethyltin (TMT)-induced seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration. To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of the PBWE in vitro, a lactate dehydrogena...
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/679 |
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| author | Sueun Lee Young Hye Seo Jun Ho Song Wook Jin Kim Ji Hye Lee Byeong Cheol Moon Mary Jasmin Ang Sung Ho Kim Changjong Moon Jun Lee Joong Sun Kim |
| author_facet | Sueun Lee Young Hye Seo Jun Ho Song Wook Jin Kim Ji Hye Lee Byeong Cheol Moon Mary Jasmin Ang Sung Ho Kim Changjong Moon Jun Lee Joong Sun Kim |
| author_sort | Sueun Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to investigate whether the <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i> (PB)’ water extract (PBWE) ameliorates trimethyltin (TMT)-induced seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration. To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of the PBWE in vitro, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was conducted in TMT-treated primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons. In TMT-treated adult C57BL/6 mice, behavioral and histopathological changes were evaluated by seizure scoring and Fluoro-Jade C staining, respectively. In our in vitro assay, we observed that pretreating mice hippocampal neuron cultures with the PBWE reduced TMT-induced cytotoxicity, as indicated by the decreased LDH release. Furthermore, pretreatment with the PBWE alleviated seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration in TMT-treated mice. The antioxidant activity of the PBWE increased in a dose-dependent manner; moreover, pretreatment with the PBWE mitigated the TMT-induced Nrf2 stimulation. In addition, six major compounds, including adenine, hypoxanthine, uridine, adenosine, inosine, and benzoic acid, were isolated from the PBWE, and among them, inosine and benzoic acid have been confirmed to have an essential antioxidative activity. In conclusion, the PBWE ameliorated TMT-induced toxicity in hippocampal neurons in both in vitro and in vivo assays, through a potential antioxidative effect. Our findings suggest that the PBWE may have pharmacotherapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases such as seizures or epilepsy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:08:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bfc11c64b1824d4d9a274a160ec0bae4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:08:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bfc11c64b1824d4d9a274a160ec0bae42023-12-03T12:53:00ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-01-0122267910.3390/ijms22020679Neuroprotective Effect of <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i>’ Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Seizures and Hippocampal NeurodegenerationSueun Lee0Young Hye Seo1Jun Ho Song2Wook Jin Kim3Ji Hye Lee4Byeong Cheol Moon5Mary Jasmin Ang6Sung Ho Kim7Changjong Moon8Jun Lee9Joong Sun Kim10Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, KoreaHerbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, KoreaHerbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, KoreaHerbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, KoreaHerbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, KoreaHerbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaHerbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, KoreaHerbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, KoreaThis study aimed to investigate whether the <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i> (PB)’ water extract (PBWE) ameliorates trimethyltin (TMT)-induced seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration. To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of the PBWE in vitro, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was conducted in TMT-treated primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons. In TMT-treated adult C57BL/6 mice, behavioral and histopathological changes were evaluated by seizure scoring and Fluoro-Jade C staining, respectively. In our in vitro assay, we observed that pretreating mice hippocampal neuron cultures with the PBWE reduced TMT-induced cytotoxicity, as indicated by the decreased LDH release. Furthermore, pretreatment with the PBWE alleviated seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration in TMT-treated mice. The antioxidant activity of the PBWE increased in a dose-dependent manner; moreover, pretreatment with the PBWE mitigated the TMT-induced Nrf2 stimulation. In addition, six major compounds, including adenine, hypoxanthine, uridine, adenosine, inosine, and benzoic acid, were isolated from the PBWE, and among them, inosine and benzoic acid have been confirmed to have an essential antioxidative activity. In conclusion, the PBWE ameliorated TMT-induced toxicity in hippocampal neurons in both in vitro and in vivo assays, through a potential antioxidative effect. Our findings suggest that the PBWE may have pharmacotherapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases such as seizures or epilepsy.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/679<i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i> larvatrimethyltinseizurehippocampal neurodegenerationantioxidantchemical profiling |
| spellingShingle | Sueun Lee Young Hye Seo Jun Ho Song Wook Jin Kim Ji Hye Lee Byeong Cheol Moon Mary Jasmin Ang Sung Ho Kim Changjong Moon Jun Lee Joong Sun Kim Neuroprotective Effect of <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i>’ Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Seizures and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i> larva trimethyltin seizure hippocampal neurodegeneration antioxidant chemical profiling |
| title | Neuroprotective Effect of <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i>’ Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Seizures and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration |
| title_full | Neuroprotective Effect of <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i>’ Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Seizures and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration |
| title_fullStr | Neuroprotective Effect of <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i>’ Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Seizures and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuroprotective Effect of <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i>’ Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Seizures and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration |
| title_short | Neuroprotective Effect of <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i>’ Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Seizures and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration |
| title_sort | neuroprotective effect of i protaetia brevitarsis seulensis i water extract on trimethyltin induced seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration |
| topic | <i>Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis</i> larva trimethyltin seizure hippocampal neurodegeneration antioxidant chemical profiling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/679 |
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