Ecological, genetic and evolutionary drivers of regional genetic differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Abstract Background Disentangling the drivers of genetic differentiation is one of the cornerstones in evolution. This is because genetic diversity, and the way in which it is partitioned within and among populations across space, is an important asset for the ability of populations to adapt and per...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Evolutionary Biology |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-020-01635-2 |
| _version_ | 1818689695502041088 |
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| author | Antonio R. Castilla Belén Méndez-Vigo Arnald Marcer Joaquín Martínez-Minaya David Conesa F. Xavier Picó Carlos Alonso-Blanco |
| author_facet | Antonio R. Castilla Belén Méndez-Vigo Arnald Marcer Joaquín Martínez-Minaya David Conesa F. Xavier Picó Carlos Alonso-Blanco |
| author_sort | Antonio R. Castilla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Disentangling the drivers of genetic differentiation is one of the cornerstones in evolution. This is because genetic diversity, and the way in which it is partitioned within and among populations across space, is an important asset for the ability of populations to adapt and persist in changing environments. We tested three major hypotheses accounting for genetic differentiation—isolation-by-distance (IBD), isolation-by-environment (IBE) and isolation-by-resistance (IBR)—in the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana across the Iberian Peninsula, the region with the largest genomic diversity. To that end, we sampled, genotyped with genome-wide SNPs, and analyzed 1772 individuals from 278 populations distributed across the Iberian Peninsula. Results IBD, and to a lesser extent IBE, were the most important drivers of genetic differentiation in A. thaliana. In other words, dispersal limitation, genetic drift, and to a lesser extent local adaptation to environmental gradients, accounted for the within- and among-population distribution of genetic diversity. Analyses applied to the four Iberian genetic clusters, which represent the joint outcome of the long demographic and adaptive history of the species in the region, showed similar results except for one cluster, in which IBR (a function of landscape heterogeneity) was the most important driver of genetic differentiation. Using spatial hierarchical Bayesian models, we found that precipitation seasonality and topsoil pH chiefly accounted for the geographic distribution of genetic diversity in Iberian A. thaliana. Conclusions Overall, the interplay between the influence of precipitation seasonality on genetic diversity and the effect of restricted dispersal and genetic drift on genetic differentiation emerges as the major forces underlying the evolutionary trajectory of Iberian A. thaliana. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T12:14:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bfc19d79f3eb45c3af783a4910b2c5e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T12:14:12Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Evolutionary Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bfc19d79f3eb45c3af783a4910b2c5e22022-12-21T21:49:15ZengBMCBMC Evolutionary Biology1471-21482020-06-0120111310.1186/s12862-020-01635-2Ecological, genetic and evolutionary drivers of regional genetic differentiation in Arabidopsis thalianaAntonio R. Castilla0Belén Méndez-Vigo1Arnald Marcer2Joaquín Martínez-Minaya3David Conesa4F. Xavier Picó5Carlos Alonso-Blanco6Centre for Applied Ecology “Prof. Baeta Neves”, InBIO, School of Agriculture, University of LisbonDepartamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)CREAF, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBCAM - Basque Center for Applied MathematicsDepartament d’Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat de ValènciaDepartamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Abstract Background Disentangling the drivers of genetic differentiation is one of the cornerstones in evolution. This is because genetic diversity, and the way in which it is partitioned within and among populations across space, is an important asset for the ability of populations to adapt and persist in changing environments. We tested three major hypotheses accounting for genetic differentiation—isolation-by-distance (IBD), isolation-by-environment (IBE) and isolation-by-resistance (IBR)—in the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana across the Iberian Peninsula, the region with the largest genomic diversity. To that end, we sampled, genotyped with genome-wide SNPs, and analyzed 1772 individuals from 278 populations distributed across the Iberian Peninsula. Results IBD, and to a lesser extent IBE, were the most important drivers of genetic differentiation in A. thaliana. In other words, dispersal limitation, genetic drift, and to a lesser extent local adaptation to environmental gradients, accounted for the within- and among-population distribution of genetic diversity. Analyses applied to the four Iberian genetic clusters, which represent the joint outcome of the long demographic and adaptive history of the species in the region, showed similar results except for one cluster, in which IBR (a function of landscape heterogeneity) was the most important driver of genetic differentiation. Using spatial hierarchical Bayesian models, we found that precipitation seasonality and topsoil pH chiefly accounted for the geographic distribution of genetic diversity in Iberian A. thaliana. Conclusions Overall, the interplay between the influence of precipitation seasonality on genetic diversity and the effect of restricted dispersal and genetic drift on genetic differentiation emerges as the major forces underlying the evolutionary trajectory of Iberian A. thaliana.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-020-01635-2Genetic diversityGenetic structureIberian PeninsulaNested maximum-likelihood population effect modelsPrecipitation seasonalitySpatial hierarchical Bayesian models |
| spellingShingle | Antonio R. Castilla Belén Méndez-Vigo Arnald Marcer Joaquín Martínez-Minaya David Conesa F. Xavier Picó Carlos Alonso-Blanco Ecological, genetic and evolutionary drivers of regional genetic differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana BMC Evolutionary Biology Genetic diversity Genetic structure Iberian Peninsula Nested maximum-likelihood population effect models Precipitation seasonality Spatial hierarchical Bayesian models |
| title | Ecological, genetic and evolutionary drivers of regional genetic differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana |
| title_full | Ecological, genetic and evolutionary drivers of regional genetic differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana |
| title_fullStr | Ecological, genetic and evolutionary drivers of regional genetic differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecological, genetic and evolutionary drivers of regional genetic differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana |
| title_short | Ecological, genetic and evolutionary drivers of regional genetic differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana |
| title_sort | ecological genetic and evolutionary drivers of regional genetic differentiation in arabidopsis thaliana |
| topic | Genetic diversity Genetic structure Iberian Peninsula Nested maximum-likelihood population effect models Precipitation seasonality Spatial hierarchical Bayesian models |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-020-01635-2 |
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