Tight Integration Kinematic PPP-AR Using GPS/Galileo/QZSS Overlapping Frequency Signals and Its Performance in High-Shade Environments
Several global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) broadcast overlapping frequencies to enhance interoperability, allowing tight integration with only one reference satellite for every system with the same frequency. The key to realizing tight integration is estimating and utilizing differential int...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/485 |
| _version_ | 1797437454502854656 |
|---|---|
| author | Siyao Wang Rui Tu Bofeng Li Rui Zhang Lihong Fan Junqiang Han Xiaochun Lu |
| author_facet | Siyao Wang Rui Tu Bofeng Li Rui Zhang Lihong Fan Junqiang Han Xiaochun Lu |
| author_sort | Siyao Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) broadcast overlapping frequencies to enhance interoperability, allowing tight integration with only one reference satellite for every system with the same frequency. The key to realizing tight integration is estimating and utilizing differential intersystem biases, which allows the integer characteristic of the differenced ambiguity of two satellites from different systems to be retrieved. In this study, a detailed algorithm flow of a tight integration kinematic uncalibrated phase delay (UPD)-based PPP ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) method, which includes multiple parts, is introduced. Subsequently, PPP-AR numerical experiments were conducted in a high-shade observation environment to determine the performance. In comparison with traditional methods, our results indicate that the average success fix rate improves from 83% to 100% after using the tight integration method in an environment where only three satellites are observed for each system. Moreover, for fewer than nine satellites, the tight integration method can still consistently maintain a fixed state. However, for comparison, the traditional loose integration method could no longer be implemented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:19:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bfc287c785524d03bfcdab392f291652 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:19:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-bfc287c785524d03bfcdab392f2916522023-12-01T00:22:23ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-01-0115248510.3390/rs15020485Tight Integration Kinematic PPP-AR Using GPS/Galileo/QZSS Overlapping Frequency Signals and Its Performance in High-Shade EnvironmentsSiyao Wang0Rui Tu1Bofeng Li2Rui Zhang3Lihong Fan4Junqiang Han5Xiaochun Lu6National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaCollege of Surveying and GeoInformatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaSeveral global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) broadcast overlapping frequencies to enhance interoperability, allowing tight integration with only one reference satellite for every system with the same frequency. The key to realizing tight integration is estimating and utilizing differential intersystem biases, which allows the integer characteristic of the differenced ambiguity of two satellites from different systems to be retrieved. In this study, a detailed algorithm flow of a tight integration kinematic uncalibrated phase delay (UPD)-based PPP ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) method, which includes multiple parts, is introduced. Subsequently, PPP-AR numerical experiments were conducted in a high-shade observation environment to determine the performance. In comparison with traditional methods, our results indicate that the average success fix rate improves from 83% to 100% after using the tight integration method in an environment where only three satellites are observed for each system. Moreover, for fewer than nine satellites, the tight integration method can still consistently maintain a fixed state. However, for comparison, the traditional loose integration method could no longer be implemented.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/485precise point positioningoverlapping frequency signalsambiguity resolutionhigh-shade situation |
| spellingShingle | Siyao Wang Rui Tu Bofeng Li Rui Zhang Lihong Fan Junqiang Han Xiaochun Lu Tight Integration Kinematic PPP-AR Using GPS/Galileo/QZSS Overlapping Frequency Signals and Its Performance in High-Shade Environments Remote Sensing precise point positioning overlapping frequency signals ambiguity resolution high-shade situation |
| title | Tight Integration Kinematic PPP-AR Using GPS/Galileo/QZSS Overlapping Frequency Signals and Its Performance in High-Shade Environments |
| title_full | Tight Integration Kinematic PPP-AR Using GPS/Galileo/QZSS Overlapping Frequency Signals and Its Performance in High-Shade Environments |
| title_fullStr | Tight Integration Kinematic PPP-AR Using GPS/Galileo/QZSS Overlapping Frequency Signals and Its Performance in High-Shade Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tight Integration Kinematic PPP-AR Using GPS/Galileo/QZSS Overlapping Frequency Signals and Its Performance in High-Shade Environments |
| title_short | Tight Integration Kinematic PPP-AR Using GPS/Galileo/QZSS Overlapping Frequency Signals and Its Performance in High-Shade Environments |
| title_sort | tight integration kinematic ppp ar using gps galileo qzss overlapping frequency signals and its performance in high shade environments |
| topic | precise point positioning overlapping frequency signals ambiguity resolution high-shade situation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/485 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT siyaowang tightintegrationkinematicppparusinggpsgalileoqzssoverlappingfrequencysignalsanditsperformanceinhighshadeenvironments AT ruitu tightintegrationkinematicppparusinggpsgalileoqzssoverlappingfrequencysignalsanditsperformanceinhighshadeenvironments AT bofengli tightintegrationkinematicppparusinggpsgalileoqzssoverlappingfrequencysignalsanditsperformanceinhighshadeenvironments AT ruizhang tightintegrationkinematicppparusinggpsgalileoqzssoverlappingfrequencysignalsanditsperformanceinhighshadeenvironments AT lihongfan tightintegrationkinematicppparusinggpsgalileoqzssoverlappingfrequencysignalsanditsperformanceinhighshadeenvironments AT junqianghan tightintegrationkinematicppparusinggpsgalileoqzssoverlappingfrequencysignalsanditsperformanceinhighshadeenvironments AT xiaochunlu tightintegrationkinematicppparusinggpsgalileoqzssoverlappingfrequencysignalsanditsperformanceinhighshadeenvironments |